Niue, sentence 271
From Wikipedia, «Niue», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Hiapo is made by beating the inner bark of the paper mulberry tree until it becomes a pliable tapa cloth, which is then decorated using natural dyes and stencils.
Who acts: bark · What happens: make, beat, become, decorate, use · To what, where: Hiapo, inner bark, pliable tapa cloth, natural dyes
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Niue». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bark), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hiapo | Hiapo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 made | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 made | aux:pass |
| 3 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 5 beating | mark |
| 5 | beating | beat | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 made | advcl |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 bark | det |
| 7 | inner | inner | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 bark | amod |
| 8 | bark | bark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 beating | obj |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 tree | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 tree | det |
| 11 | paper | paper | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 mulberry | compound |
| 12 | mulberry | mulberry | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 tree | compound |
| 13 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 bark | nmod |
| 14 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 16 becomes | mark |
| 15 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 becomes | nsubj |
| 16 | becomes | become | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 made | advcl |
| 17 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 cloth | det |
| 18 | pliable | pliable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 cloth | amod |
| 19 | tapa | tapa | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 cloth | compound |
| 20 | cloth | cloth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 becomes | xcomp |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 decorated | punct |
| 22 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 25 decorated | nsubj:pass |
| 23 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 decorated | aux:pass |
| 24 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 25 decorated | advmod |
| 25 | decorated | decorate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 20 cloth | acl:relcl |
| 26 | using | use | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 25 decorated | xcomp |
| 27 | natural | natural | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 dyes | amod |
| 28 | dyes | dye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 using | obj |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 stencils | cc |
| 30 | stencils | stencil | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 dyes | conj |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 made | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | present · passive | Hiapo | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product | |||||
| 2 | beat | gerund | the inner bark of the mulberry tree | vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location bark=Theme | |||||
| 3 | become | present | bark | a pliable tapa cloth | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 4 | decorate | present · passive | a pliable tapa cloth | then | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | use | gerund | natural dyes and stencils | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dye=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Niue», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Niue/271/