North Korea, sentence 302

From Wikipedia, «North Korea», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

In 2009, the government attempted to stem the expanding free market by banning jangmadang and the use of foreign currency, heavily devaluing the won and restricting the convertibility of savings in the old currency, but the resulting inflation spike and rare public protests caused a reversal of these policies.

Who acts: government, resulting inflation spike · What happens: attempt, expand, ban, devalue, restrict, result · To what, where: stem, 2009, jangmadang, won, convertibility, old currency

This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «North Korea». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (government, resulting inflation spike), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	2 2009	case
2	2009	2009	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	6 attempted	obl
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 2009	punct
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 government	det
5	government	government	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 attempted	nsubj
6	attempted	attempt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	to	to	PART	_	8 stem	mark
8	stem	stem	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 attempted	obj
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 market	det
10	expanding	expand	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	12 market	amod
11	free	free	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 market	amod
12	market	market	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 attempted	obj
13	by	by	SCONJ	_	14 banning	mark
14	banning	ban	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	6 attempted	advcl
15	jangmadang	jangmadang	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 banning	obj
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 use	cc
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 use	det
18	use	use	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 jangmadang	conj
19	of	of	ADP	_	21 currency	case
20	foreign	foreign	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 currency	amod
21	currency	currency	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 use	nmod
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 devaluing	punct
23	heavily	heavily	ADV	_	24 devaluing	advmod
24	devaluing	devalue	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	14 banning	conj
25	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	26 won	det
26	won	won	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 devaluing	obj
27	and	and	CCONJ	_	28 restricting	cc
28	restricting	restrict	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	24 devaluing	conj
29	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	30 convertibility	det
30	convertibility	convertibility	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 restricting	obj
31	of	of	ADP	_	32 savings	case
32	savings	savings	NOUN	Number=Ptan	30 convertibility	nmod
33	in	in	ADP	_	36 currency	case
34	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	36 currency	det
35	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	36 currency	amod
36	currency	currency	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 restricting	obl
37	,	,	PUNCT	_	47 caused	punct
38	but	but	CCONJ	_	47 caused	cc
39	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	42 spike	det
40	resulting	result	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	42 spike	amod
41	inflation	inflation	NOUN	Number=Sing	42 spike	compound
42	spike	spike	NOUN	Number=Sing	47 caused	nsubj
43	and	and	CCONJ	_	46 protests	cc
44	rare	rare	ADJ	Degree=Pos	46 protests	amod
45	public	public	ADJ	Degree=Pos	46 protests	amod
46	protests	protest	NOUN	Number=Plur	42 spike	conj
47	caused	cause	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 attempted	parataxis
48	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	49 reversal	det
49	reversal	reversal	NOUN	Number=Sing	47 caused	obj
50	of	of	ADP	_	52 policies	case
51	these	this	DET	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	52 policies	det
52	policies	policy	NOUN	Number=Plur	49 reversal	nmod
53	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 attempted	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	attempt	past	the government	stem	2009	the expanding free market obj	tree rules
2	expand	gerund					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
3	ban	gerund	the government not said here	jangmadang and the use of foreign currency			vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer jangmadang=Theme
4	devalue	gerund	the government not said here	the won		heavily property	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent won=Patient
5	restrict	gerund	the government not said here	the convertibility of savings	the old currency		vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer convertibility=Patient
6	result	gerund					vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
7	cause	past	the resulting inflation spike and rare public protests	a reversal of this policies			vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition reversal=Patient
8	use			foreign currency			nom use «act transitive»: of=patient
9	reverse			this policies			nom reversal «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: the English Wikipedia, «North Korea», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/North_Korea/302/

🌲 North Korea, sentence 302

The tree

Pragmatics

North Korea, sentence 302