North Nicosia, sentence 188
From Wikipedia, «North Nicosia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
North Nicosia has seen the construction of new highways and roads recently to solve its traffic problem, including the construction of two ringroads in the 2010s.
Who acts: North, construction · What happens: see, solve, construct · To what, where: construction, traffic problem, new highways, two ringroads
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «North Nicosia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (North, construction), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | North | North | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 seen | nsubj |
| 2 | Nicosia | Nicosia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 North | flat |
| 3 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 seen | aux |
| 4 | seen | see | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 construction | det |
| 6 | construction | construction | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 seen | obj |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 highways | case |
| 8 | new | new | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 highways | amod |
| 9 | highways | highway | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 construction | nmod |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 roads | cc |
| 11 | roads | road | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 highways | conj |
| 12 | recently | recently | ADV | _ | 14 solve | advmod |
| 13 | to | to | PART | _ | 14 solve | mark |
| 14 | solve | solve | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 seen | xcomp |
| 15 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 problem | nmod:poss |
| 16 | traffic | traffic | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 problem | compound |
| 17 | problem | problem | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 solve | obj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 construction | punct |
| 19 | including | including | ADP | _ | 21 construction | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 construction | det |
| 21 | construction | construction | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 solve | obl |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 ringroads | case |
| 23 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 24 ringroads | nummod |
| 24 | ringroads | ringroad | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 construction | nmod |
| 25 | in | in | ADP | _ | 27 2010s | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 2010s | det |
| 27 | 2010s | 2010 | NOUN | Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card | 24 ringroads | nmod |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 seen | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | present · perfect | North | the construction of new highways and roads | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | solve | to-infinitive | the construction of new highways and roads not said here | road's traffic problem | including the construction of two ringroads in the 2010s; recently property | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent problem=Topic | |||
| 3 | construct | new highways and roads | nom construction «act transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 4 | construct | two ringroads in the 2010s | nom construction «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «North Nicosia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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