Norway, sentence 242
From Wikipedia, «Norway», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
The number of threatened and near-threatened species equals to 3,682; it includes 418 fungi species, many of which are closely associated with the small remaining old-growth forests, 36 bird species, and 16 species of mammals.
Who acts: number · What happens: threaten, equal, include, associate · To what, where: fungi species, many
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Norway». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (number), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 number | det |
| 2 | number | number | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 equals | nsubj |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 species | case |
| 4 | threatened | threatened | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 species | amod |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 near | cc |
| 6 | near | near | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 threatened | conj |
| 7 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 6 near | punct |
| 8 | threatened | threaten | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 species | amod |
| 9 | species | species | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 number | nmod |
| 10 | equals | equal | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | to | to | ADP | _ | 12 3,682 | case |
| 12 | 3,682 | 3,682 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 10 equals | obl |
| 13 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 15 includes | punct |
| 14 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 includes | nsubj |
| 15 | includes | include | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 equals | conj |
| 16 | 418 | 418 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 17 fungi | nummod |
| 17 | fungi | fungus | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 species | compound |
| 18 | species | species | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 includes | obj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 associated | punct |
| 20 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 associated | nsubj:pass |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 which | case |
| 22 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 20 many | nmod |
| 23 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 associated | aux:pass |
| 24 | closely | closely | ADV | _ | 25 associated | advmod |
| 25 | associated | associate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 species | acl:relcl |
| 26 | with | with | ADP | _ | 33 forests | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 forests | det |
| 28 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 forests | amod |
| 29 | remaining | remaining | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 forests | amod |
| 30 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 growth | amod |
| 31 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 30 old | punct |
| 32 | growth | growth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 forests | compound |
| 33 | forests | forest | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 associated | obl |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 species | punct |
| 35 | 36 | 36 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 37 species | nummod |
| 36 | bird | bird | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 species | compound |
| 37 | species | species | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 forests | conj |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 species | punct |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 species | cc |
| 40 | 16 | 16 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 41 species | nummod |
| 41 | species | species | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 forests | conj |
| 42 | of | of | ADP | _ | 43 mammals | case |
| 43 | mammals | mammal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 41 species | nmod |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 equals | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | threaten | participle | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 2 | equal | present | the number of threatened threatened species | to 3,682 | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | include | present | number | fungi species | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent species=Theme | ||||
| 4 | associate | present · passive | many | with the small remaining growth forests and 36 bird species and 16 species of mammals; closely property | vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: subject=Patient with forest=Co-Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Norway», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Norway/242/