Oslo, sentence 52
From Wikipedia, «Oslo», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Not only has no evidence been found of a river "Lo" predating the work where Peder Claussøn Friis first proposed this etymology, but the very name is ungrammatical in Norwegian: the correct form would have been Loaros (cf.
Who acts: river, Peder, name, correct form · What happens: not have, find, predate, propose, be, cf · To what, where: evidence, work, etymology, Norwegian, Loaros
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Oslo». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (river, Peder, name, correct form), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 3 has | advmod |
| 2 | only | only | ADV | _ | 3 has | advmod |
| 3 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 5 evidence | det |
| 5 | evidence | evidence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 found | nsubj:pass |
| 6 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 7 found | aux:pass |
| 7 | found | find | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 has | ccomp |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 river | case |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 river | det |
| 10 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 found | obl |
| 11 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 14 predating | punct |
| 12 | Lo | lo | INTJ | _ | 14 predating | discourse |
| 13 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 12 Lo | punct |
| 14 | predating | predate | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 10 river | acl:relcl |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 work | det |
| 16 | work | work | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 predating | obj |
| 17 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 22 proposed | advmod |
| 18 | Peder | Peder | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 proposed | nsubj |
| 19 | Claussøn | Claussøn | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 Peder | flat |
| 20 | Friis | Friis | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 Peder | flat |
| 21 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 22 proposed | advmod |
| 22 | proposed | propose | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 work | acl:relcl |
| 23 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 24 etymology | det |
| 24 | etymology | etymology | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 proposed | obj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 ungrammatical | punct |
| 26 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 31 ungrammatical | cc |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 name | det |
| 28 | very | very | ADV | _ | 29 name | advmod |
| 29 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 ungrammatical | nsubj |
| 30 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 ungrammatical | cop |
| 31 | ungrammatical | ungrammatical | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 found | conj |
| 32 | in | in | ADP | _ | 33 Norwegian | case |
| 33 | Norwegian | Norwegian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 ungrammatical | obl |
| 34 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 43 cf | punct |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 form | det |
| 36 | correct | correct | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 form | amod |
| 37 | form | form | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 cf | nsubj |
| 38 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 43 cf | aux |
| 39 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 41 Loaros | aux |
| 40 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 41 Loaros | cop |
| 41 | Loaros | Loaros | PROPN | Number=Sing | 43 cf | compound |
| 42 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 43 cf | punct |
| 43 | cf | cf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 has | conj |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 has | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not have | present | tree rules | ||||||
| 2 | find | participle · passive | no evidence | of a river | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic | ||||
| 3 | predate | gerund | a river not said here | the work | vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme work=Co-Theme | ||||
| 4 | propose | past | Peder | this etymology | first property | vn reflexive_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent etymology=Theme | |||
| 5 | is | present | the name | Norwegian | ungrammatical property | tree rules | |||
| 6 | is a | infinitive · perfect | Loaros | tree rules | |||||
| 7 | cf | would | the correct form | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Oslo», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Oslo/52/