Pakistan, sentence 47
From Wikipedia, «Pakistan», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Upon the defeat of the Turk and Hindu Shahi dynasties which governed the Kabul Valley, Gandhara, and western Punjab in the 7th to 11th centuries CE, several successive Muslim empires ruled over the region, including the Ghaznavid Empire (975–1187 CE), the Ghorid Empire, and the Delhi Sultanate (1206–1526 CE).
Who acts: Turk dynasties, several successive Muslim empires · What happens: govern, rule, defeat · To what, where: Kabul Valley, Sultanate CE, region, Turk dynasties
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Pakistan». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Turk dynasties, several successive Muslim empires), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Upon | upon | ADP | _ | 3 defeat | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 defeat | det |
| 3 | defeat | defeat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 ruled | obl |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 dynasties | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 dynasties | det |
| 6 | Turk | Turk | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 dynasties | compound |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 Hindu | cc |
| 8 | Hindu | Hindu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 Turk | conj |
| 9 | Shahi | Shahi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 Hindu | flat |
| 10 | dynasties | dynasty | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 defeat | nmod |
| 11 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 12 governed | nsubj |
| 12 | governed | govern | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 dynasties | acl:relcl |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 Valley | det |
| 14 | Kabul | Kabul | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 Valley | compound |
| 15 | Valley | Valley | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 governed | obj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 Gandhara | punct |
| 17 | Gandhara | Gandhara | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 Valley | conj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 Punjab | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 Punjab | cc |
| 20 | western | western | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 Punjab | amod |
| 21 | Punjab | Punjab | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 defeat | conj |
| 22 | in | in | ADP | _ | 28 CE | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 CE | det |
| 24 | 7th | 7th | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Combi NumType=Ord | 28 CE | amod |
| 25 | to | to | ADP | _ | 27 centuries | case |
| 26 | 11th | 11th | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 centuries | compound |
| 27 | centuries | century | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 CE | compound |
| 28 | CE | ce | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 Punjab | nmod |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 defeat | punct |
| 30 | several | several | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 empires | amod |
| 31 | successive | successive | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 empires | amod |
| 32 | Muslim | Muslim | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 empires | amod |
| 33 | empires | empire | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 ruled | nsubj |
| 34 | ruled | rule | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 35 | over | over | ADP | _ | 37 region | case |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 region | det |
| 37 | region | region | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 ruled | obl |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 Empire | punct |
| 39 | including | including | ADP | _ | 42 Empire | case |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 Empire | det |
| 41 | Ghaznavid | Ghaznavid | PROPN | Number=Sing | 42 Empire | compound |
| 42 | Empire | Empire | PROPN | Number=Sing | 34 ruled | obl |
| 43 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 44 975 | punct |
| 44 | 975 | 975 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 42 Empire | appos |
| 45 | – | – | SYM | ExtPos=ADP | 46 1187 | case |
| 46 | 1187 | 1187 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 44 975 | nmod |
| 47 | CE | ce | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 975 | nmod:unmarked |
| 48 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 44 975 | punct |
| 49 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 52 Empire | punct |
| 50 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 52 Empire | det |
| 51 | Ghorid | Ghorid | PROPN | Number=Sing | 52 Empire | compound |
| 52 | Empire | Empire | PROPN | Number=Sing | 42 Empire | conj |
| 53 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 62 CE | punct |
| 54 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 62 CE | cc |
| 55 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 57 Sultanate | det |
| 56 | Delhi | Delhi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 57 Sultanate | compound |
| 57 | Sultanate | Sultanate | PROPN | Number=Sing | 62 CE | compound |
| 58 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 59 1206 | punct |
| 59 | 1206 | 1206 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 57 Sultanate | appos |
| 60 | – | – | SYM | ExtPos=ADP | 61 1526 | case |
| 61 | 1526 | 1526 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 59 1206 | nmod |
| 62 | CE | ce | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 ruled | obl |
| 63 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 62 CE | punct |
| 64 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 34 ruled | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | govern | past | the Turk dynasties | the Kabul Valley and Gandhara | vn supervision-95.2.2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent valley=Theme | ||||
| 2 | rule | past | several successive Muslim empires | Sultanate CE | the region | upon the defeat of the Turk dynasties and western Punjab in the 7th centuries CE; including the Ghaznavid Empire and the Ghorid Empire | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||
| 3 | defeat | the Turk dynasties | nom defeat «event transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Pakistan», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Pakistan/47/