Panama, sentence 335
From Wikipedia, «Panama», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Prior to the government operation of bus routes, Panama was served by privately operated buses called "diablo rojos" (English: red devils), which were typically retired school buses from the United States painted in bright colors by their operators.
Who acts: operated buses, red devils · What happens: serve, operate, call, be, paint · To what, where: Panama, diablo rojos, retired school buses, United States, bright colors, bus routes · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Panama». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (operated buses, red devils), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Prior | prior | ADJ | Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP | 5 operation | case |
| 2 | to | to | ADP | _ | 1 Prior | fixed |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 operation | det |
| 4 | government | government | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 operation | compound |
| 5 | operation | operation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 served | obl |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 routes | case |
| 7 | bus | bus | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 routes | compound |
| 8 | routes | route | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 operation | nmod |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 operation | punct |
| 10 | Panama | Panama | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 served | nsubj |
| 11 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 served | aux:pass |
| 12 | served | serve | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 13 | by | by | ADP | _ | 16 buses | case |
| 14 | privately | privately | ADV | _ | 15 operated | advmod |
| 15 | operated | operate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 buses | amod |
| 16 | buses | bus | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 served | obl |
| 17 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 buses | acl |
| 18 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 20 rojos | punct |
| 19 | diablo | Diablo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 rojos | compound |
| 20 | rojos | rojo | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 called | xcomp |
| 21 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 20 rojos | punct |
| 22 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 23 English | punct |
| 23 | English | English | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 rojos | appos |
| 24 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 26 devils | punct |
| 25 | red | red | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 devils | amod |
| 26 | devils | devil | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 painted | nsubj |
| 27 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 26 devils | punct |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 buses | punct |
| 29 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 34 buses | nsubj |
| 30 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 34 buses | cop |
| 31 | typically | typically | ADV | _ | 34 buses | advmod |
| 32 | retired | retired | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 buses | amod |
| 33 | school | school | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 buses | compound |
| 34 | buses | bus | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 devils | conj |
| 35 | from | from | ADP | _ | 38 States | case |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 States | det |
| 37 | United | United | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 States | amod |
| 38 | States | State | PROPN | Number=Plur | 34 buses | nmod |
| 39 | painted | paint | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 served | conj |
| 40 | in | in | ADP | _ | 42 colors | case |
| 41 | bright | bright | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 42 colors | amod |
| 42 | colors | color | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 painted | obl |
| 43 | by | by | ADP | _ | 45 operators | case |
| 44 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 45 operators | nmod:poss |
| 45 | operators | operator | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 painted | obl |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 served | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | serve | past · passive | Panama | prior the government operation of bus routes; by operated buses | vn masquerade-29.6-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Attribute | ||||
| 2 | operate | participle | privately property | vn function-105.2.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | call | participle | operated buses not said here | diablo rojos | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | is a | past | red devils and retired school buses | retired school buses | the United States | typically property | tree rules | ||
| 5 | paint | past | red devils and retired school buses | bright colors | by routes's operators | vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: agent=Agent in color=Destination | |||
| 6 | operate | bus routes | nom operation «state transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Panama», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Panama/335/