Papua New Guinea, sentence 18
From Wikipedia, «Papua New Guinea», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Many cultural and linguistic groups are small, although English and Tok Pisin serve as common languages.
Who acts: Many cultural groups, English · What happens: be, serve
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Papua New Guinea». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Many cultural groups, English), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 groups | amod |
| 2 | cultural | cultural | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 groups | amod |
| 3 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 linguistic | cc |
| 4 | linguistic | linguistic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 cultural | conj |
| 5 | groups | group | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 small | nsubj |
| 6 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 small | cop |
| 7 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 serve | punct |
| 9 | although | although | SCONJ | _ | 14 serve | mark |
| 10 | English | English | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 serve | nsubj |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 Tok | cc |
| 12 | Tok | Tok | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 English | conj |
| 13 | Pisin | Pisin | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 Tok | flat |
| 14 | serve | serve | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 small | conj |
| 15 | as | as | ADP | _ | 17 languages | case |
| 16 | common | common | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 languages | amod |
| 17 | languages | language | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 serve | obl |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 small | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | Many cultural groups | small property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | serve | present | English and Tok | as common languages | vn masquerade-29.6-2 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent as language=Attribute |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Papua New Guinea», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Papua_New_Guinea/18/