Papua New Guinea, sentence 281
From Wikipedia, «Papua New Guinea», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Government infrastructure, including schools and airstrips, often lead to demands for compensation from local communities, impeding development and creating local tensions.
What happens: lead, impede, create · To what, where: local communities, development, local tensions, Government infrastructure
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Papua New Guinea». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Government | government | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 infrastructure | compound |
| 2 | infrastructure | infrastructure | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 schools | punct |
| 4 | including | including | ADP | _ | 5 schools | case |
| 5 | schools | school | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 infrastructure | appos |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 airstrips | cc |
| 7 | airstrips | airstrip | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 schools | conj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 lead | punct |
| 9 | often | often | ADV | _ | 10 lead | advmod |
| 10 | lead | lead | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 infrastructure | parataxis |
| 11 | to | to | ADP | _ | 12 demands | case |
| 12 | demands | demand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 lead | obl |
| 13 | for | for | ADP | _ | 14 compensation | case |
| 14 | compensation | compensation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 lead | obl |
| 15 | from | from | ADP | _ | 17 communities | case |
| 16 | local | local | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 communities | amod |
| 17 | communities | community | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 lead | obl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 impeding | punct |
| 19 | impeding | impede | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 10 lead | advcl |
| 20 | development | development | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 impeding | obj |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 creating | cc |
| 22 | creating | create | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 19 impeding | conj |
| 23 | local | local | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 tensions | amod |
| 24 | tensions | tension | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 creating | obj |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 infrastructure | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lead | present | local communities | to demands; for compensation; often property | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition to demand=Patient | ||||
| 2 | impede | gerund | development | vn discourage-64.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer development=Eventuality | |||||
| 3 | create | gerund | local tensions | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tension=Result |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Papua New Guinea», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Papua_New_Guinea/281/