Papua New Guinea, sentence 302

From Wikipedia, «Papua New Guinea», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

In the past, rival groups had been known to use axes, bush knives and traditional weapons, while respecting rules of engagement that prevented violence while hunting or at markets.

Who acts: engagement · What happens: know, use, respect, prevent, hunt, rule · To what, where: rival groups, past, axes, rules, violence

This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Papua New Guinea». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (engagement), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 past	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 past	det
3	past	past	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 known	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 past	punct
5	rival	rival	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 groups	compound
6	groups	group	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 known	nsubj:pass
7	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 known	aux
8	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	9 known	aux:pass
9	known	know	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
10	to	to	PART	_	11 use	mark
11	use	use	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 known	xcomp
12	axes	ax	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 use	obj
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 knives	punct
14	bush	bush	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 knives	compound
15	knives	knife	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 axes	conj
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 weapons	cc
17	traditional	traditional	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 weapons	amod
18	weapons	weapon	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 axes	conj
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 respecting	punct
20	while	while	SCONJ	_	21 respecting	mark
21	respecting	respect	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	11 use	advcl
22	rules	rule	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 respecting	obj
23	of	of	ADP	_	24 engagement	case
24	engagement	engagement	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 rules	nmod
25	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	26 prevented	nsubj
26	prevented	prevent	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	24 engagement	acl:relcl
27	violence	violence	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 prevented	obj
28	while	while	SCONJ	_	29 hunting	mark
29	hunting	hunt	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	26 prevented	advcl
30	or	or	CCONJ	_	32 markets	cc
31	at	at	ADP	_	32 markets	case
32	markets	market	NOUN	Number=Plur	29 hunting	conj
33	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 known	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	know	past · perfect · passive		rival groups	the past		tree rules
2	use	to-infinitive		axes and bush knives and traditional weapons			vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ax=Patient
3	respect	gerund		rules of engagement			vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer rule=Stimulus
4	prevent	past	engagement	violence			vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer violence=Theme
5	hunt	gerund	engagement not said here			markets conj	vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
6	rule		engagement				nom rule «cognition intransitive»: of=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: the English Wikipedia, «Papua New Guinea», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Papua_New_Guinea/302/

🌲 Papua New Guinea, sentence 302

The tree

Pragmatics

Papua New Guinea, sentence 302