Papua New Guinea, sentence 444
From Wikipedia, «Papua New Guinea», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Lack of automated machinery, coupled with inadequately trained local technical personnel, are some of the obstacles to introducing automated machinery and design.
What happens: couple, train, introduce, lack · To what, where: automated machinery, some
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Papua New Guinea». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Lack | lack | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 some | nsubj |
| 2 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 machinery | case |
| 3 | automated | automated | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 machinery | amod |
| 4 | machinery | machinery | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Lack | nmod |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 coupled | punct |
| 6 | coupled | couple | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 machinery | acl |
| 7 | with | with | ADP | _ | 12 personnel | case |
| 8 | inadequately | inadequately | ADV | _ | 9 trained | advmod |
| 9 | trained | train | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 personnel | amod |
| 10 | local | local | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 personnel | amod |
| 11 | technical | technical | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 personnel | amod |
| 12 | personnel | personnel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 coupled | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Lack | punct |
| 14 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 some | cop |
| 15 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | root | root |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 obstacles | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 obstacles | det |
| 18 | obstacles | obstacle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 some | nmod |
| 19 | to | to | SCONJ | _ | 20 introducing | mark |
| 20 | introducing | introduce | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 18 obstacles | acl |
| 21 | automated | automated | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 machinery | amod |
| 22 | machinery | machinery | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 introducing | obj |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 design | cc |
| 24 | design | design | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 machinery | conj |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 15 some | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | couple | participle | automated machinery not said here | with trained local technical personnel | vn amalgamate-22.2-1 «NP V PP.co-patient»: agent=Patient with personnel=Co-Patient | ||||
| 2 | train | participle | inadequately property | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | introduce | gerund | automated machinery and design | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent machinery=Patient | |||||
| 5 | lack | automated machinery | nom lack «state transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Papua New Guinea», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Papua_New_Guinea/444/