Papua New Guinea, sentence 87
From Wikipedia, «Papua New Guinea», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
In German New Guinea Tok Pisin began to spread through local adoption, and was reluctantly used by German authorities.
Who acts: Tok, German authorities · What happens: begin, spread, use · To what, where: German, local adoption
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Papua New Guinea». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tok, German authorities), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 2 German | case |
| 2 | German | German | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 began | obl |
| 3 | New | New | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 Guinea | compound |
| 4 | Guinea | Guinea | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 German | conj |
| 5 | Tok | Tok | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 began | nsubj |
| 6 | Pisin | Pisin | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 Tok | flat |
| 7 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | to | to | PART | _ | 9 spread | mark |
| 9 | spread | spread | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 began | xcomp |
| 10 | through | through | ADP | _ | 12 adoption | case |
| 11 | local | local | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 adoption | amod |
| 12 | adoption | adoption | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 spread | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 used | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 used | cc |
| 15 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 used | aux:pass |
| 16 | reluctantly | reluctantly | ADV | _ | 17 used | advmod |
| 17 | used | use | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 began | conj |
| 18 | by | by | ADP | _ | 20 authorities | case |
| 19 | German | German | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 authorities | amod |
| 20 | authorities | authority | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 used | obl |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 began | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | begin | past | Tok | German and New Guinea | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | spread | to-infinitive | Tok not said here | local adoption | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through adoption=Location | ||||
| 3 | use | past · passive | German authorities | reluctantly property | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Papua New Guinea», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Papua_New_Guinea/87/