Paris, sentence 21
From Wikipedia, «Paris», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Alternatively, Pierre-Yves Lambert proposed to translate Parisii as the 'spear people', by connecting the first element to the Old Irish carr ('spear'), derived from an earlier *kwar-sā.
Who acts: Pierre · What happens: propose, translate, connect, derive · To what, where: Parisii, first element, earlier kwar sā
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Paris». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Pierre), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Alternatively | alternatively | ADV | _ | 7 proposed | advmod |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Alternatively | punct |
| 3 | Pierre | Pierre | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 proposed | nsubj |
| 4 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 3 Pierre | punct |
| 5 | Yves | Yves | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 Pierre | flat |
| 6 | Lambert | Lambert | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 Pierre | flat |
| 7 | proposed | propose | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | to | to | PART | _ | 9 translate | mark |
| 9 | translate | translate | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 proposed | xcomp |
| 10 | Parisii | Parisii | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 translate | obj |
| 11 | as | as | ADP | _ | 15 people | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 people | det |
| 13 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 15 people | punct |
| 14 | spear | spear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 people | compound |
| 15 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 translate | obl |
| 16 | ', | ', | PART | _ | 15 people | case |
| 17 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 18 connecting | mark |
| 18 | connecting | connect | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 9 translate | advcl |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 element | det |
| 20 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 21 element | amod |
| 21 | element | element | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 connecting | obj |
| 22 | to | to | ADP | _ | 26 carr | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 carr | det |
| 24 | Old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 carr | amod |
| 25 | Irish | Irish | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 carr | amod |
| 26 | carr | carr | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 connecting | obl |
| 27 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 29 spear | punct |
| 28 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 29 spear | punct |
| 29 | spear | spear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 carr | appos |
| 30 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 29 spear | punct |
| 31 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 29 spear | punct |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 derived | punct |
| 33 | derived | derive | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 proposed | conj |
| 34 | from | from | ADP | _ | 40 sā | case |
| 35 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 40 sā | det |
| 36 | earlier | early | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 40 sā | amod |
| 37 | * | * | PUNCT | _ | 36 earlier | punct |
| 38 | kwar | kwar | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 sā | amod |
| 39 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 38 kwar | punct |
| 40 | sā | sā | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 derived | obl |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 proposed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | propose | past | Pierre | alternatively property | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | translate | to-infinitive | Pierre not said here | Parisii | as the spear people | vn turn-26.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent parisii=Patient | |||
| 3 | connect | gerund | Pierre not said here | the first element | to the Old Irish carr | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent element=Patient to carr=Co-Patient | |||
| 4 | derive | participle | Pierre not said here | a earlier kwar sā | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.material»: agent=Agent from sā=Material |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Paris», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Paris/21/