Peru, sentence 351
From Wikipedia, «Peru», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Inflation in 2012 was the lowest in Latin America at only 1.8%, but increased in 2013 as oil and commodity prices rose; as of 2014 it stands at 2.5%, and 8.6% in 2023.
Who acts: Inflation, oil prices · What happens: be, increase, rise, stand · To what, where: Latin America, lowest, 2013
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Peru». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Inflation, oil prices), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Inflation | inflation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 lowest | nsubj |
| 2 | in | in | ADP | _ | 3 2012 | case |
| 3 | 2012 | 2012 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 1 Inflation | nmod |
| 4 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 lowest | cop |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 lowest | det |
| 6 | lowest | low | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 16 increased | nsubj:pass |
| 7 | in | in | ADP | _ | 9 America | case |
| 8 | Latin | Latin | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 America | compound |
| 9 | America | America | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 lowest | obl |
| 10 | at | at | ADP | _ | 13 % | case |
| 11 | only | only | ADV | _ | 12 1.8 | advmod |
| 12 | 1.8 | 1.8 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 13 % | nummod |
| 13 | % | % | SYM | Number=Sing | 6 lowest | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 increased | punct |
| 15 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 16 increased | cc |
| 16 | increased | increase | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 17 | in | in | ADP | _ | 18 2013 | case |
| 18 | 2013 | 2013 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 16 increased | obl |
| 19 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 24 rose | mark |
| 20 | oil | oil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 prices | compound |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 commodity | cc |
| 22 | commodity | commodity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 oil | conj |
| 23 | prices | price | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 rose | nsubj |
| 24 | rose | rise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 increased | advcl |
| 25 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 30 stands | punct |
| 26 | as | as | ADP | ExtPos=ADP | 28 2014 | case |
| 27 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 as | fixed |
| 28 | 2014 | 2014 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 30 stands | obl |
| 29 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 stands | nsubj |
| 30 | stands | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 increased | parataxis |
| 31 | at | at | ADP | _ | 33 % | case |
| 32 | 2.5 | 2.5 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 33 % | nummod |
| 33 | % | % | SYM | Number=Sing | 30 stands | obl |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 % | punct |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 % | cc |
| 36 | 8.6 | 8.6 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 37 % | nummod |
| 37 | % | % | SYM | Number=Sing | 30 stands | obl |
| 38 | in | in | ADP | _ | 39 2023 | case |
| 39 | 2023 | 2023 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 37 % | nmod |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 16 increased | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | Inflation in 2012 | Latin America | low property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | increase | participle · passive | the lowest | 2013 | vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient | ||||
| 3 | rise | past | oil prices | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | stand | present | inflation | as 2014 | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent at %=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Peru», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Peru/351/