Poland, sentence 312
From Wikipedia, «Poland», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Municipal guards are primarily headed by provincial, regional or city councils; individual guards are not permitted to carry firearms unless instructed by the superior commanding officer.
Who acts: provincial city councils · What happens: head, not permit, carry, instruct, command · To what, where: Municipal guards, individual guards, firearms · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Poland». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (provincial city councils), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Municipal | municipal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 guards | amod |
| 2 | guards | guard | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 headed | nsubj |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 headed | aux:pass |
| 4 | primarily | primarily | ADV | _ | 5 headed | advmod |
| 5 | headed | head | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | by | by | ADP | _ | 12 councils | case |
| 7 | provincial | provincial | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 councils | amod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 regional | punct |
| 9 | regional | regional | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 provincial | conj |
| 10 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 12 councils | cc |
| 11 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 councils | compound |
| 12 | councils | council | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 headed | obl |
| 13 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 18 permitted | punct |
| 14 | individual | individual | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 guards | amod |
| 15 | guards | guard | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 permitted | nsubj:pass |
| 16 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 permitted | aux:pass |
| 17 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 18 permitted | advmod |
| 18 | permitted | permit | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 headed | conj |
| 19 | to | to | PART | _ | 20 carry | mark |
| 20 | carry | carry | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 18 permitted | xcomp |
| 21 | firearms | firearm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 carry | obj |
| 22 | unless | unless | SCONJ | _ | 23 instructed | mark |
| 23 | instructed | instruct | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 20 carry | advcl |
| 24 | by | by | ADP | _ | 28 officer | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 officer | det |
| 26 | superior | superior | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 officer | amod |
| 27 | commanding | command | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 28 officer | amod |
| 28 | officer | officer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 instructed | obl |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 headed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | head | present · passive | provincial city councils | Municipal guards | primarily property | vn conduct-111.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme | |||
| 2 | not permit | present · passive | individual guards | vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP S»: subject=Beneficiary clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 3 | carry not said to happen | to-infinitive | firearms | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent firearm=Theme | |||||
| 4 | instruct speech: other a condition, not said to happen | participle | by the superior commanding officer | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | command | gerund | vn supervision-95.2.2-1 «NP V NP.predicate»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Poland», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Poland/312/