Portugal, sentence 331
From Wikipedia, «Portugal», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Portugal has a literary tradition that predates the Portuguese language going back into the early 13th century.
Who acts: Portugal, literary tradition, Portuguese language · What happens: have, predate, go back · To what, where: literary tradition, Portuguese language
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Portugal». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Portugal, literary tradition, Portuguese language), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Portugal | Portugal | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 has | nsubj |
| 2 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 tradition | det |
| 4 | literary | literary | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 tradition | amod |
| 5 | tradition | tradition | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 has | obj |
| 6 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 7 predates | nsubj |
| 7 | predates | predate | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 tradition | acl:relcl |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 language | det |
| 9 | Portuguese | portuguese | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 language | amod |
| 10 | language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 predates | obj |
| 11 | going | go | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 10 language | acl |
| 12 | back | back | ADV | _ | 11 going | advmod |
| 13 | into | into | ADP | _ | 17 century | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 century | det |
| 15 | early | early | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 century | amod |
| 16 | 13th | 13th | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Combi NumType=Ord | 17 century | amod |
| 17 | century | century | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 going | obl |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 has | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | Portugal | a literary tradition | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tradition=Patient | ||||
| 2 | predate | present | a literary tradition | the Portuguese language | vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme language=Co-Theme | ||||
| 3 | go back | gerund | the Portuguese language not said here | century | vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Portugal», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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