Portugal, sentence 38
From Wikipedia, «Portugal», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
The Umayyads ruled al-Andalus until it fragmented into small states called taifas, with the caliphate being collapsed in 1031, and most of what is now central and southern Portugal falling under the Taifa of Badajoz.
Who acts: Umayyads, small states, Portugal · What happens: rule, fragment, call, collapse, be, fall · To what, where: al, Umayyads, small states, taifas, caliphate, 1031 · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Portugal». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Umayyads, small states, Portugal), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Umayyads | det |
| 2 | Umayyads | Umayyads | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 ruled | nsubj |
| 3 | ruled | rule | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | al | Al | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 ruled | obj |
| 5 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 4 al | punct |
| 6 | Andalus | Andalus | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 al | flat |
| 7 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 9 fragmented | mark |
| 8 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 fragmented | nsubj:pass |
| 9 | fragmented | fragment | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 ruled | advcl |
| 10 | into | into | ADP | _ | 12 states | case |
| 11 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 states | amod |
| 12 | states | state | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 fragmented | obl |
| 13 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 states | acl |
| 14 | taifas | taifa | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 called | xcomp |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 collapsed | punct |
| 16 | with | with | SCONJ | _ | 20 collapsed | mark |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 caliphate | det |
| 18 | caliphate | caliphate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 collapsed | nsubj:pass |
| 19 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 20 collapsed | aux:pass |
| 20 | collapsed | collapse | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 fragmented | parataxis |
| 21 | in | in | ADP | _ | 22 1031 | case |
| 22 | 1031 | 1031 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 20 collapsed | obl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 and | punct |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 3 ruled | cc |
| 25 | most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 24 and | obj |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 27 what | case |
| 27 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Rel | 25 most | nmod |
| 28 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 30 central | cop |
| 29 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 30 central | advmod |
| 30 | central | central | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 what | acl:relcl |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 southern | cc |
| 32 | southern | southern | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 central | conj |
| 33 | Portugal | Portugal | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 central | obl |
| 34 | falling | fall | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 33 Portugal | acl |
| 35 | under | under | ADP | _ | 37 Taifa | case |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 Taifa | det |
| 37 | Taifa | Taifa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 34 falling | obl |
| 38 | of | of | ADP | _ | 39 Badajoz | case |
| 39 | Badajoz | Badajoz | PROPN | Number=Sing | 37 Taifa | nmod |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 ruled | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | rule | past | the Umayyads | al | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent al=Result | ||||
| 2 | fragment | participle · passive | Umayyads | into small states result | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.result»: subject=Patient into state=Result | ||||
| 3 | call | participle | small states not said here | taifas | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | collapse | gerund · passive | the caliphate | 1031 | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient | ||||
| 5 | is | present | now | Portugal obl; central property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | be | tree rules | |||||||
| 7 | fall | gerund | Portugal not said here | the Taifa of Badajoz | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme under taifa=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Portugal», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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