Portugal, sentence 54
From Wikipedia, «Portugal», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Between the 14th and early 15th century, Portugal was struck by several outbreaks of the plague, civil wars, invasions, famines, and natural disasters that led to a population decrease, labour shortages, and rise in antisemitism.
Who acts: several outbreaks, natural disasters · What happens: strike, lead, rise · To what, where: Portugal, antisemitism
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Portugal». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (several outbreaks, natural disasters), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Between | between | ADP | _ | 7 century | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 century | det |
| 3 | 14th | 14th | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Combi NumType=Ord | 7 century | amod |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 early | cc |
| 5 | early | early | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 14th | conj |
| 6 | 15th | 15th | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 century | amod |
| 7 | century | century | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 struck | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 century | punct |
| 9 | Portugal | Portugal | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 struck | nsubj |
| 10 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 struck | aux:pass |
| 11 | struck | strike | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 12 | by | by | ADP | _ | 14 outbreaks | case |
| 13 | several | several | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 outbreaks | amod |
| 14 | outbreaks | outbreak | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 struck | obl |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 plague | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 plague | det |
| 17 | plague | plague | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 outbreaks | nmod |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 wars | punct |
| 19 | civil | civil | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 wars | amod |
| 20 | wars | war | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 outbreaks | conj |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 invasions | punct |
| 22 | invasions | invasion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 outbreaks | conj |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 famines | punct |
| 24 | famines | famine | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 invasions | conj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 disasters | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 disasters | cc |
| 27 | natural | natural | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 disasters | amod |
| 28 | disasters | disaster | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 struck | obl |
| 29 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 30 led | nsubj |
| 30 | led | lead | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 disasters | acl:relcl |
| 31 | to | to | ADP | _ | 34 decrease | case |
| 32 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 34 decrease | det |
| 33 | population | population | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 decrease | compound |
| 34 | decrease | decrease | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 led | obl |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 shortages | punct |
| 36 | labour | labour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 shortages | compound |
| 37 | shortages | shortage | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 decrease | conj |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 rise | punct |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 40 rise | cc |
| 40 | rise | rise | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 30 led | conj |
| 41 | in | in | ADP | _ | 42 antisemitism | case |
| 42 | antisemitism | antisemitism | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 rise | obl |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 struck | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | strike | past · passive | several outbreaks of the plague and civil wars and invasions and famines | Portugal | century | natural disasters obl | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent subject=Instrument | ||
| 2 | lead | past | natural disasters | to a population decrease and labour shortages | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition to decrease=Patient | ||||
| 3 | rise | infinitive | natural disasters not said here | antisemitism | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in antisemitism=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Portugal», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Portugal/54/