Portugal, sentence 82
From Wikipedia, «Portugal», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Pombal's failed industrialisation efforts, education policies that weakened human-capital formation, and expulsion of the Jesuits, reducing student numbers and contributing to Portugal's decline in literacy.
Who acts: education policies, Portugal · What happens: fail, weaken, reduce, contribute, expel, decline · To what, where: capital formation, student numbers, decline, failed industrialisation efforts, Jesuits, literacy
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Portugal». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (education policies, Portugal), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Pombal | Pombal | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 efforts | nmod:poss |
| 2 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 1 Pombal | case |
| 3 | failed | fail | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 efforts | amod |
| 4 | industrialisation | industrialisation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 efforts | compound |
| 5 | efforts | effort | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 policies | punct |
| 7 | education | education | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 policies | compound |
| 8 | policies | policy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 efforts | conj |
| 9 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 10 weakened | nsubj |
| 10 | weakened | weaken | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 policies | acl:relcl |
| 11 | human | human | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 capital | amod |
| 12 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 11 human | punct |
| 13 | capital | capital | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 formation | amod |
| 14 | formation | formation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 weakened | obj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 expulsion | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 expulsion | cc |
| 17 | expulsion | expulsion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 efforts | conj |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 Jesuits | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 Jesuits | det |
| 20 | Jesuits | Jesuit | PROPN | Number=Plur | 17 expulsion | nmod |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 reducing | punct |
| 22 | reducing | reduce | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 20 Jesuits | appos |
| 23 | student | student | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 numbers | compound |
| 24 | numbers | number | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 reducing | obj |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 contributing | cc |
| 26 | contributing | contribute | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 22 reducing | conj |
| 27 | to | to | ADP | _ | 30 decline | case |
| 28 | Portugal | Portugal | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 decline | nmod:poss |
| 29 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 28 Portugal | case |
| 30 | decline | decline | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 contributing | obl |
| 31 | in | in | ADP | _ | 32 literacy | case |
| 32 | literacy | literacy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 decline | nmod |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 efforts | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fail | participle | vn succeed-74-3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 2 | weaken | past | education policies | capital formation | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent formation=Patient | ||||
| 3 | reduce | gerund | student numbers | vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer number=Patient | |||||
| 4 | contribute | gerund | Portugal's decline in literacy | vn contribute-13.2-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to decline=Recipient | |||||
| 6 | expel | the Jesuits | nom expulsion «act transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 7 | decline | Portugal | literacy | nom decline «process intransitive»: poss=agent in=place |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Portugal», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Portugal/82/