Prague, sentence 117
From Wikipedia, «Prague», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Prague had a large number of German speakers in 1848, but by 1880 the number of German speakers had decreased to 14 percent (42,000), and by 1910 to 6.7 percent (37,000), due to a massive increase in the city's overall population caused by the influx of Czechs from the rest of Bohemia and Moravia and the increasing prestige and importance of the Czech language as part of the Czech National Revival.
Who acts: Prague · What happens: have, decrease, cause, increase · To what, where: large number, number, overall population
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Prague». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Prague), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Prague | Prague | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 had | nsubj |
| 2 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 number | det |
| 4 | large | large | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 number | amod |
| 5 | number | number | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 had | obj |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 speakers | case |
| 7 | German | German | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 speakers | amod |
| 8 | speakers | speaker | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 number | nmod |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 1848 | case |
| 10 | 1848 | 1848 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 8 speakers | nmod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 decreased | punct |
| 12 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 21 decreased | cc |
| 13 | by | by | ADP | _ | 14 1880 | case |
| 14 | 1880 | 1880 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 21 decreased | obl |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 number | det |
| 16 | number | number | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 decreased | nsubj:pass |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 speakers | case |
| 18 | German | German | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 speakers | amod |
| 19 | speakers | speaker | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 number | nmod |
| 20 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 decreased | aux |
| 21 | decreased | decrease | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 had | conj |
| 22 | to | to | ADP | _ | 24 percent | case |
| 23 | 14 | 14 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 24 percent | nummod |
| 24 | percent | percent | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 decreased | obl |
| 25 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 26 42,000 | punct |
| 26 | 42,000 | 42000 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 24 percent | appos |
| 27 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 26 42,000 | punct |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 1910 | punct |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 1910 | cc |
| 30 | by | by | ADP | _ | 31 1910 | case |
| 31 | 1910 | 1910 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 2 had | obl |
| 32 | to | to | ADP | _ | 33 6.7 | case |
| 33 | 6.7 | 6.7 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 31 1910 | nmod |
| 34 | percent | percent | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 1910 | appos |
| 35 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 36 37,000 | punct |
| 36 | 37,000 | 37,000 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 34 percent | appos |
| 37 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 36 37,000 | punct |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 increase | punct |
| 39 | due | due | ADJ | Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP | 43 increase | case |
| 40 | to | to | ADP | _ | 39 due | fixed |
| 41 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 43 increase | det |
| 42 | massive | massive | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 43 increase | amod |
| 43 | increase | increase | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 percent | conj |
| 44 | in | in | ADP | _ | 49 population | case |
| 45 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 46 city | det |
| 46 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 population | nmod:poss |
| 47 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 46 city | case |
| 48 | overall | overall | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 49 population | amod |
| 49 | population | population | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 increase | nmod |
| 50 | caused | cause | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 49 population | acl |
| 51 | by | by | ADP | _ | 53 influx | case |
| 52 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 53 influx | det |
| 53 | influx | influx | NOUN | Number=Sing | 50 caused | obl |
| 54 | of | of | ADP | _ | 55 Czechs | case |
| 55 | Czechs | czech | NOUN | Number=Plur | 53 influx | nmod |
| 56 | from | from | ADP | _ | 58 rest | case |
| 57 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 58 rest | det |
| 58 | rest | rest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 55 Czechs | nmod |
| 59 | of | of | ADP | _ | 60 Bohemia | case |
| 60 | Bohemia | Bohemia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 58 rest | nmod |
| 61 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 62 Moravia | cc |
| 62 | Moravia | Moravia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 60 Bohemia | conj |
| 63 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 66 prestige | cc |
| 64 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 66 prestige | det |
| 65 | increasing | increase | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 66 prestige | amod |
| 66 | prestige | prestige | NOUN | Number=Sing | 58 rest | conj |
| 67 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 68 importance | cc |
| 68 | importance | importance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 58 rest | conj |
| 69 | of | of | ADP | _ | 72 language | case |
| 70 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 72 language | det |
| 71 | Czech | Czech | PROPN | Number=Sing | 72 language | compound |
| 72 | language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | 68 importance | nmod |
| 73 | as | as | ADP | _ | 74 part | case |
| 74 | part | part | NOUN | Number=Sing | 72 language | nmod |
| 75 | of | of | ADP | _ | 79 Revival | case |
| 76 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 79 Revival | det |
| 77 | Czech | Czech | PROPN | Number=Sing | 79 Revival | compound |
| 78 | National | National | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 79 Revival | amod |
| 79 | Revival | Revival | PROPN | Number=Sing | 74 part | nmod |
| 80 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 had | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | past | Prague | a large number of German speakers in 1848 | by 1910 to 6.7 | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent number=Patient | |||
| 2 | decrease | past · perfect · passive | the number of German speakers | by 1880; to 14 percent result | vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient PP.extent PP.initial_state PP.result»: subject=Patient by 1880=Extent to percent=Result | ||||
| 3 | cause | participle | the city's overall population not said here | by the influx of Czechs from the rest of Bohemia and Moravia and the increasing prestige and importance of the Czech language as part of the Czech National Revival | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition | ||||
| 4 | increase | gerund | vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Prague», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Prague/117/