Pretoria, sentence 40
From Wikipedia, «Pretoria», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
In 2015, Pretoria saw its worst drought since 1982; the month of November 2015 saw new records broken for high temperatures, with 43 °C recorded on 11 November after three weeks of temperatures between 35 °C and 43 °C. Pretoria reached a new record high of 42.7 C on 7 January 2016.
Who acts: Pretoria, month, 43 ° C · What happens: see, break, record, reach · To what, where: worst drought, 2015, new records, ° C., 11, new record high
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Pretoria». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Pretoria, month, 43 ° C), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 2 2015 | case |
| 2 | 2015 | 2015 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 5 saw | obl |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 2015 | punct |
| 4 | Pretoria | Pretoria | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 saw | nsubj |
| 5 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 drought | nmod:poss |
| 7 | worst | bad | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 8 drought | amod |
| 8 | drought | drought | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 saw | obj |
| 9 | since | since | ADP | _ | 10 1982 | case |
| 10 | 1982 | 1982 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 5 saw | obl |
| 11 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 17 saw | punct |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 month | det |
| 13 | month | month | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 saw | nsubj |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 November | case |
| 15 | November | November | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 month | nmod |
| 16 | 2015 | 2015 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 15 November | nmod:unmarked |
| 17 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 saw | parataxis |
| 18 | new | new | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 records | amod |
| 19 | records | record | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 saw | obj |
| 20 | broken | break | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 19 records | acl |
| 21 | for | for | ADP | _ | 23 temperatures | case |
| 22 | high | high | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 temperatures | amod |
| 23 | temperatures | temperature | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 broken | obl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 C | punct |
| 25 | with | with | ADP | _ | 28 C | case |
| 26 | 43 | 43 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 28 C | nummod |
| 27 | ° | ° | SYM | _ | 28 C | compound |
| 28 | C | c | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 reached | nsubj |
| 29 | recorded | record | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 28 C | acl |
| 30 | on | on | ADP | _ | 31 11 | case |
| 31 | 11 | 11 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 29 recorded | obl |
| 32 | November | November | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 11 | nmod:unmarked |
| 33 | after | after | ADP | _ | 35 weeks | case |
| 34 | three | three | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 35 weeks | nummod |
| 35 | weeks | week | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 recorded | obl |
| 36 | of | of | ADP | _ | 37 temperatures | case |
| 37 | temperatures | temperature | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 weeks | nmod |
| 38 | between | between | ADP | _ | 39 35 | case |
| 39 | 35 | 35 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 29 recorded | obl |
| 40 | ° | ° | SYM | _ | 41 C | compound |
| 41 | C | C | PROPN | Number=Sing | 39 35 | nmod:unmarked |
| 42 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 43 43 | cc |
| 43 | 43 | 43 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 39 35 | conj |
| 44 | ° | ° | SYM | _ | 45 C. | nummod |
| 45 | C. | C. | PROPN | Number=Sing | 29 recorded | obl |
| 46 | Pretoria | Pretoria | PROPN | Number=Sing | 45 C. | flat |
| 47 | reached | reach | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 saw | conj |
| 48 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 51 high | det |
| 49 | new | new | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 51 high | amod |
| 50 | record | record | NOUN | Number=Sing | 51 high | compound |
| 51 | high | high | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 reached | obj |
| 52 | of | of | ADP | _ | 53 42.7 | case |
| 53 | 42.7 | 42.7 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 51 high | nmod |
| 54 | C | C | PROPN | Number=Sing | 53 42.7 | nmod:unmarked |
| 55 | on | on | ADP | _ | 56 7 | case |
| 56 | 7 | 7 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 47 reached | obl |
| 57 | January | January | PROPN | Number=Sing | 56 7 | nmod:unmarked |
| 58 | 2016 | 2016 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 56 7 | flat |
| 59 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 saw | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past | Pretoria | mm's worst drought | 2015 | since 1982 | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer drought=Stimulus | ||
| 2 | see | past | the month of November 2015 | new records | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer record=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | break | participle | new records not said here | for high temperatures | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 4 | record | participle | 43 ° C not said here | ° C. | 11 November | week | between 35 ° C | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent on 11=Destination | |
| 5 | reach | past | 43 ° C | a new record high of 42.7 C | 7 January | vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent high=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Pretoria», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Pretoria/40/