Riga, sentence 122
From Wikipedia, «Riga», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
In 2004, the arrival of low-cost airlines resulted in cheaper flights from other European cities such as London and Berlin, and consequently a substantial increase in numbers of tourists.
Who acts: cost airlines · What happens: result, arrive · To what, where: cost airlines, cheaper flights, 2004
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Riga». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cost airlines), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 2 2004 | case |
| 2 | 2004 | 2004 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | root | root |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 arrival | punct |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 arrival | det |
| 5 | arrival | arrival | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 2004 | conj |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 airlines | case |
| 7 | low | low | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 cost | amod |
| 8 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 7 low | punct |
| 9 | cost | cost | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 airlines | compound |
| 10 | airlines | airline | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 arrival | nmod |
| 11 | resulted | result | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 airlines | acl |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 flights | case |
| 13 | cheaper | cheap | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 14 flights | amod |
| 14 | flights | flight | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 resulted | obl |
| 15 | from | from | ADP | _ | 18 cities | case |
| 16 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 cities | amod |
| 17 | European | European | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 cities | amod |
| 18 | cities | city | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 flights | nmod |
| 19 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP | 21 London | case |
| 20 | as | as | ADP | _ | 19 such | fixed |
| 21 | London | London | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 cities | nmod |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 Berlin | cc |
| 23 | Berlin | Berlin | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 London | conj |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 increase | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 increase | cc |
| 26 | consequently | consequently | ADV | _ | 29 increase | advmod |
| 27 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 29 increase | det |
| 28 | substantial | substantial | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 increase | amod |
| 29 | increase | increase | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 arrival | conj |
| 30 | in | in | ADP | _ | 31 numbers | case |
| 31 | numbers | number | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 increase | nmod |
| 32 | of | of | ADP | _ | 33 tourists | case |
| 33 | tourists | tourist | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 numbers | nmod |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 2004 | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | result | participle | cost airlines not said here | cheaper flights from other European cities such London and Berlin | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in flight=Location | ||||
| 3 | arrive | cost airlines | nom arrival «act intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Riga», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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