Romania, sentence 107
From Wikipedia, «Romania», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
The neighbouring powers took advantage of the situation: the Habsburg Monarchy annexed the northwestern part of Moldavia, or Bukovina, in 1775, and the Russian Empire seized the eastern half of Moldavia, or Bessarabia, in 1812.
Who acts: neighbouring powers, Habsburg Monarchy, Russian Empire · What happens: take, annex, seize · To what, where: advantage, 1812, northwestern part, 1775, eastern half
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Romania». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (neighbouring powers, Habsburg Monarchy, Russian Empire), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 powers | det |
| 2 | neighbouring | neighbouring | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 powers | amod |
| 3 | powers | power | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 took | nsubj |
| 4 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | advantage | advantage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 took | obj |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 situation | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 situation | det |
| 8 | situation | situation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 advantage | nmod |
| 9 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 13 annexed | punct |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 Monarchy | det |
| 11 | Habsburg | Habsburg | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 Monarchy | compound |
| 12 | Monarchy | Monarchy | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 annexed | nsubj |
| 13 | annexed | annex | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 took | conj |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 part | det |
| 15 | northwestern | northwestern | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 part | amod |
| 16 | part | part | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 annexed | obj |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 Moldavia | case |
| 18 | Moldavia | Moldavia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 part | nmod |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 Bukovina | punct |
| 20 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 21 Bukovina | cc |
| 21 | Bukovina | Bukovina | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 annexed | obl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 1775 | punct |
| 23 | in | in | ADP | _ | 24 1775 | case |
| 24 | 1775 | 1775 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 13 annexed | obl |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 seized | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 seized | cc |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 Empire | det |
| 28 | Russian | Russian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 Empire | amod |
| 29 | Empire | Empire | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 seized | nsubj |
| 30 | seized | seize | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 took | conj |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 half | det |
| 32 | eastern | eastern | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 half | amod |
| 33 | half | half | NOUN | Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac | 30 seized | obj |
| 34 | of | of | ADP | _ | 35 Moldavia | case |
| 35 | Moldavia | Moldavia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 33 half | nmod |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 Bessarabia | punct |
| 37 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 38 Bessarabia | cc |
| 38 | Bessarabia | Bessarabia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 took | obl |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 1812 | punct |
| 40 | in | in | ADP | _ | 41 1812 | case |
| 41 | 1812 | 1812 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 4 took | obl |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 took | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | take | past | the neighbouring powers | advantage of the situation | 1812 | Bessarabia obl | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent advantage=Value in 1812=Location | ||
| 2 | annex | past | the Habsburg Monarchy | the northwestern part of Moldavia | 1775 | Bukovina obl | vn steal-10.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent part=Theme | ||
| 3 | seize | past | the Russian Empire | the eastern half of Moldavia | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent half=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Romania», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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