Romania, sentence 324
From Wikipedia, «Romania», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
The birth rate (9.49‰, 2012) is much lower than the mortality rate (11.84‰, 2012), resulting in a shrinking (−0.26% per year, 2012) and aging population (median age: 41.6 years, 2018), one of the oldest populations in the world, with approximately 16.8% of total population aged 65 years and over.
Who acts: birth rate · What happens: be, result, age · To what, where: shrinking, population, total population
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Romania». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (birth rate), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 rate | det |
| 2 | birth | birth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 rate | compound |
| 3 | rate | rate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 lower | nsubj |
| 4 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 6 ‰ | punct |
| 5 | 9.49 | 9.49 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 6 ‰ | nummod |
| 6 | ‰ | ‰ | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 rate | appos |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 2012 | punct |
| 8 | 2012 | 2012 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 6 ‰ | appos |
| 9 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 6 ‰ | punct |
| 10 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 lower | cop |
| 11 | much | much | ADV | _ | 12 lower | advmod |
| 12 | lower | low | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | root | root |
| 13 | than | than | ADP | _ | 16 rate | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 rate | det |
| 15 | mortality | mortality | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 rate | compound |
| 16 | rate | rate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 lower | obl |
| 17 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 19 ‰ | punct |
| 18 | 11.84 | 11.84 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 19 ‰ | nummod |
| 19 | ‰ | ‰ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 rate | appos |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 2012 | punct |
| 21 | 2012 | 2012 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 19 ‰ | appos |
| 22 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 19 ‰ | punct |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 resulting | punct |
| 24 | resulting | result | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 12 lower | advcl |
| 25 | in | in | ADP | _ | 27 shrinking | case |
| 26 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 27 shrinking | det |
| 27 | shrinking | shrinking | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 resulting | obl |
| 28 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 29 − | punct |
| 29 | − | − | SYM | _ | 12 lower | conj |
| 30 | 0.26 | 0.26 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 31 % | nummod |
| 31 | % | % | SYM | Number=Sing | 29 − | flat |
| 32 | per | per | ADP | _ | 33 year | case |
| 33 | year | year | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 % | nmod |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 2012 | punct |
| 35 | 2012 | 2012 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 31 % | appos |
| 36 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 12 lower | punct |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 aging | cc |
| 38 | aging | age | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 12 lower | conj |
| 39 | population | population | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 aging | obj |
| 40 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 42 age | punct |
| 41 | median | median | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 42 age | amod |
| 42 | age | age | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 population | appos |
| 43 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 45 years | punct |
| 44 | 41.6 | 41.6 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 45 years | nummod |
| 45 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 42 age | appos |
| 46 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 47 2018 | punct |
| 47 | 2018 | 2018 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 45 years | appos |
| 48 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 42 age | punct |
| 49 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 50 one | punct |
| 50 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 12 lower | obl |
| 51 | of | of | ADP | _ | 54 populations | case |
| 52 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 54 populations | det |
| 53 | oldest | old | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 54 populations | amod |
| 54 | populations | population | NOUN | Number=Plur | 50 one | nmod |
| 55 | in | in | ADP | _ | 57 world | case |
| 56 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 57 world | det |
| 57 | world | world | NOUN | Number=Sing | 54 populations | nmod |
| 58 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 62 % | punct |
| 59 | with | with | ADP | _ | 62 % | case |
| 60 | approximately | approximately | ADV | _ | 61 16.8 | advmod |
| 61 | 16.8 | 16.8 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 62 % | nummod |
| 62 | % | % | SYM | Number=Sing | 12 lower | parataxis |
| 63 | of | of | ADP | _ | 65 population | case |
| 64 | total | total | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 65 population | amod |
| 65 | population | population | NOUN | Number=Sing | 62 % | nmod |
| 66 | aged | age | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 65 population | acl |
| 67 | 65 | 65 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 68 years | nummod |
| 68 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 66 aged | obl:unmarked |
| 69 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 70 over | cc |
| 70 | over | over | ADV | _ | 66 aged | conj |
| 71 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 lower | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | the birth rate | than the mortality rate; one of the oldest populations in the world obl; low property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | result | gerund | the birth rate not said here | a shrinking | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in shrinking=Location | ||||
| 3 | age | gerund | the birth rate not said here | population | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent population=Patient | ||||
| 4 | age | participle | total population not said here | year | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Romania», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Romania/324/