Rome, sentence 42
From Wikipedia, «Rome», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Between the end of the Bronze Age and the beginning of the Iron Age, each hill between the sea and the Capitoline Hill was topped by a village (on the Capitoline, a village is attested since the end of the 14th century BC).
Who acts: village, Capitoline · What happens: top, attest, begin · To what, where: hill, village, Iron Age
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Rome». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (village, Capitoline), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Between | between | ADP | _ | 3 end | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 end | det |
| 3 | end | end | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 topped | obl |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 Age | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 Age | det |
| 6 | Bronze | Bronze | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 Age | compound |
| 7 | Age | Age | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 end | nmod |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 beginning | cc |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 beginning | det |
| 10 | beginning | beginning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 Age | conj |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 Age | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 Age | det |
| 13 | Iron | Iron | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 Age | compound |
| 14 | Age | Age | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 beginning | nmod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 end | punct |
| 16 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 17 hill | det |
| 17 | hill | hill | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 topped | nsubj:pass |
| 18 | between | between | ADP | _ | 20 sea | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 sea | det |
| 20 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 hill | nmod |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 Hill | cc |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 Hill | det |
| 23 | Capitoline | Capitoline | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 Hill | compound |
| 24 | Hill | Hill | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 hill | conj |
| 25 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 topped | aux:pass |
| 26 | topped | top | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 27 | by | by | ADP | _ | 29 village | case |
| 28 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 29 village | det |
| 29 | village | village | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 topped | obl |
| 30 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 33 Capitoline | punct |
| 31 | on | on | ADP | _ | 33 Capitoline | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 Capitoline | det |
| 33 | Capitoline | Capitoline | PROPN | Number=Sing | 29 village | appos |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 attested | punct |
| 35 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 36 village | det |
| 36 | village | village | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 attested | nsubj:pass |
| 37 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 38 attested | aux:pass |
| 38 | attested | attest | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 33 Capitoline | acl:relcl |
| 39 | since | since | ADP | _ | 41 end | case |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 end | det |
| 41 | end | end | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 attested | obl |
| 42 | of | of | ADP | _ | 45 century | case |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 century | det |
| 44 | 14th | 14th | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Combi NumType=Ord | 45 century | amod |
| 45 | century | century | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 end | nmod |
| 46 | BC | BC | PROPN | Number=Sing | 45 century | appos |
| 47 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 33 Capitoline | punct |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 26 topped | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | top | past · passive | a village | each hill between the sea and the Capitoline Hill | between the end of the Bronze Age and the beginning of the Iron Age | vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Co-Theme | |||
| 2 | attest | present · passive | the Capitoline not said here | a village | since the end of the 14th century | tree rules | |||
| 3 | begin | the Iron Age | nom beginning «event transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Rome», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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