Rwanda, sentence 114
From Wikipedia, «Rwanda», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Relations with the Democratic Republic of the Congo were tense following Rwanda's involvement in the First and Second Congo Wars; the Congolese army alleged Rwandan attacks on their troops, while Rwanda blamed the Congolese government for failing to suppress Hutu rebels in North and South Kivu provinces.
Who acts: Relations, Congolese army, Rwanda · What happens: be, follow, allege, blame, fail, not suppress · To what, where: Rwandan attacks, troops, Congolese government, Hutu rebels, North Kivu provinces, First Congo Wars
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Rwanda». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Relations, Congolese army, Rwanda), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Relations | relation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 tense | nsubj |
| 2 | with | with | ADP | _ | 5 Republic | case |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 Republic | det |
| 4 | Democratic | Democratic | PROPN | _ | 5 Republic | compound |
| 5 | Republic | Republic | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Relations | nmod |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 Congo | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 Congo | det |
| 8 | Congo | Congo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 Republic | nmod |
| 9 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 tense | cop |
| 10 | tense | tense | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 11 | following | follow | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 14 involvement | case |
| 12 | Rwanda | Rwanda | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 involvement | nmod:poss |
| 13 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 12 Rwanda | case |
| 14 | involvement | involvement | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 tense | obl |
| 15 | in | in | ADP | _ | 21 Wars | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 Wars | det |
| 17 | First | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 21 Wars | amod |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 Second | cc |
| 19 | Second | second | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 17 First | conj |
| 20 | Congo | Congo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 Wars | compound |
| 21 | Wars | War | PROPN | Number=Plur | 14 involvement | nmod |
| 22 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 25 army | punct |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 army | det |
| 24 | Congolese | congolese | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 army | amod |
| 25 | army | army | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 tense | conj |
| 26 | alleged | allege | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 25 army | acl |
| 27 | Rwandan | Rwandan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 attacks | compound |
| 28 | attacks | attack | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 alleged | obj |
| 29 | on | on | ADP | _ | 31 troops | case |
| 30 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 31 troops | nmod:poss |
| 31 | troops | troops | NOUN | Number=Ptan | 28 attacks | nmod |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 blamed | punct |
| 33 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 35 blamed | mark |
| 34 | Rwanda | Rwanda | PROPN | Number=Sing | 35 blamed | nsubj |
| 35 | blamed | blame | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 attacks | parataxis |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 government | det |
| 37 | Congolese | congolese | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 government | amod |
| 38 | government | government | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 blamed | obj |
| 39 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 40 failing | mark |
| 40 | failing | fail | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 35 blamed | advcl |
| 41 | to | to | PART | _ | 42 suppress | mark |
| 42 | suppress | suppress | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 40 failing | xcomp |
| 43 | Hutu | Hutu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 44 rebels | compound |
| 44 | rebels | rebel | NOUN | Number=Plur | 42 suppress | obj |
| 45 | in | in | ADP | _ | 50 provinces | case |
| 46 | North | North | PROPN | Number=Sing | 50 provinces | compound |
| 47 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 48 South | cc |
| 48 | South | South | PROPN | Number=Sing | 46 North | conj |
| 49 | Kivu | Kivu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 50 provinces | compound |
| 50 | provinces | province | NOUN | Number=Plur | 44 rebels | nmod |
| 51 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 tense | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | Relations with the Democratic Republic of the Congo | follow Rwanda's involvement in the First Congo Wars; the Congolese army conj; tense property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | follow | gerund | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 3 | allege speech: other | participle | the Congolese army not said here | Rwandan attacks | relations's troops | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent attack=Topic | |||
| 4 | blame | past | Rwanda | the Congolese government | vn judgment-33.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent government=Theme | ||||
| 5 | fail | gerund | Rwanda not said here | vn succeed-74-3-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 6 | not suppress | to-infinitive | Rwanda not said here | Hutu rebels | North Kivu provinces | vn concealment-16 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent rebel=Patient in province=Location | |||
| 7 | involve | Rwanda | the First Congo Wars | nom involvement «act transitive»: poss=agent in=place |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Rwanda», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Rwanda/114/