São Tomé and Príncipe, sentence 77
From Wikipedia, «São Tomé and Príncipe», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
In the early 19th century, two new cash crops, coffee and cocoa, were introduced.
What happens: introduce
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «São Tomé and Príncipe». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 5 century | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 century | det |
| 3 | early | early | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 century | amod |
| 4 | 19th | 19th | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Combi NumType=Ord | 5 century | amod |
| 5 | century | century | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 introduced | obl |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 crops | punct |
| 7 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 10 crops | nummod |
| 8 | new | new | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 crops | amod |
| 9 | cash | cash | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 crops | compound |
| 10 | crops | crop | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 century | parataxis |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 coffee | punct |
| 12 | coffee | coffee | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 crops | appos |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 cocoa | cc |
| 14 | cocoa | cocoa | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 coffee | conj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 century | punct |
| 16 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 introduced | aux:pass |
| 17 | introduced | introduce | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 17 introduced | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | introduce | past · passive | century | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle» |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «São Tomé and Príncipe», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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