San Marino, sentence 235
From Wikipedia, «San Marino», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
San Marino has no railway except an 800 m heritage railway, which opened in 2012.
Who acts: San, heritage railway · What happens: have, open · To what, where: railway, 2012
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «San Marino». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (San, heritage railway), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | San | San | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 has | nsubj |
| 2 | Marino | Marino | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 San | flat |
| 3 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 5 railway | det |
| 5 | railway | railway | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 has | obj |
| 6 | except | except | ADP | _ | 11 railway | case |
| 7 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 railway | det |
| 8 | 800 | 800 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 9 m | nummod |
| 9 | m | M | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 heritage | compound |
| 10 | heritage | heritage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 railway | compound |
| 11 | railway | railway | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 railway | nmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 opened | punct |
| 13 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 14 opened | nsubj |
| 14 | opened | open | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 railway | acl:relcl |
| 15 | in | in | ADP | _ | 16 2012 | case |
| 16 | 2012 | 2012 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 14 opened | obl |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 has | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | San | no railway | except a heritage railway | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent railway=Patient | |||
| 2 | open | past | a heritage railway | 2012 | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in 2012=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «San Marino», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/San_Marino/235/