San Marino, sentence 34
From Wikipedia, «San Marino», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Due to Onofri's intervention, Napoleon promised in a letter to Gaspard Monge, a scientist and the commissary of the French Government for Science and Art, to guarantee and protect the independence of the Republic, even offering to extend its territory according to its needs.
Who acts: Napoleon, Onofri, independence · What happens: promise, guarantee, protect, offer, extend, accord · To what, where: letter, independence, territory
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «San Marino». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Napoleon, Onofri, independence), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Due | due | ADJ | Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP | 5 intervention | case |
| 2 | to | to | ADP | _ | 1 Due | fixed |
| 3 | Onofri | Onofri | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 intervention | nmod:poss |
| 4 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 3 Onofri | case |
| 5 | intervention | intervention | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 promised | obl |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 intervention | punct |
| 7 | Napoleon | Napoleon | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 promised | nsubj |
| 8 | promised | promise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 letter | case |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 letter | det |
| 11 | letter | letter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 promised | obl |
| 12 | to | to | ADP | _ | 13 Gaspard | case |
| 13 | Gaspard | Gaspard | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 letter | nmod |
| 14 | Monge | Monge | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 Gaspard | flat |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 scientist | punct |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 scientist | det |
| 17 | scientist | scientist | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 letter | conj |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 commissary | cc |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 commissary | det |
| 20 | commissary | commissary | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 scientist | conj |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 Government | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 Government | det |
| 23 | French | French | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 Government | amod |
| 24 | Government | government | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 commissary | nmod |
| 25 | for | for | ADP | _ | 26 Science | case |
| 26 | Science | Science | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 scientist | nmod |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 Art | cc |
| 28 | Art | Art | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 Science | conj |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 guarantee | punct |
| 30 | to | to | PART | _ | 31 guarantee | mark |
| 31 | guarantee | guarantee | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 8 promised | parataxis |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 protect | cc |
| 33 | protect | protect | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 31 guarantee | conj |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 independence | det |
| 35 | independence | independence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 protect | obj |
| 36 | of | of | ADP | _ | 38 Republic | case |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 Republic | det |
| 38 | Republic | Republic | PROPN | Number=Sing | 35 independence | nmod |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 offering | punct |
| 40 | even | even | ADV | _ | 41 offering | advmod |
| 41 | offering | offer | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 33 protect | advcl |
| 42 | to | to | PART | _ | 43 extend | mark |
| 43 | extend | extend | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 41 offering | xcomp |
| 44 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 45 territory | nmod:poss |
| 45 | territory | territory | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 extend | obj |
| 46 | according | accord | VERB | ExtPos=ADP Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 49 needs | case |
| 47 | to | to | ADP | _ | 46 according | fixed |
| 48 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 49 needs | nmod:poss |
| 49 | needs | need | NOUN | Number=Plur | 43 extend | obl |
| 50 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 promised | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | promise speech: promise | past | Napoleon | a letter to Gaspard and a scientist for Science and Art and the commissary of the French Government | due Onofri's intervention | vn promise-37.13 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||
| 2 | guarantee | to-infinitive | vn ensure-99 «NP V that S»: agent=Precondition | ||||||
| 3 | protect | infinitive | the independence of the Republic | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent independence=Beneficiary | |||||
| 4 | offer | gerund | tree rules | ||||||
| 5 | extend not said to happen | to-infinitive | independence's territory | accord independence's needs | vn body_motion-49.2-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent territory=Theme | ||||
| 6 | accord | gerund | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 7 | intervene | Onofri | nom intervention «act intransitive»: poss=agent | ||||||
| 8 | need | independence | nom need «state transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «San Marino», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/San_Marino/34/