Saudi Arabia, sentence 419
From Wikipedia, «Saudi Arabia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Substantial investments have been undertaken in seawater desalination, water distribution, sewerage and wastewater treatment.
What happens: undertake · To what, where: Substantial investments, seawater desalination
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Saudi Arabia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Substantial | substantial | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 investments | amod |
| 2 | investments | investment | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 undertaken | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 undertaken | aux |
| 4 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 5 undertaken | aux:pass |
| 5 | undertaken | undertake | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 desalination | case |
| 7 | seawater | seawater | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 desalination | compound |
| 8 | desalination | desalination | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 undertaken | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 distribution | punct |
| 10 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 distribution | compound |
| 11 | distribution | distribution | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 desalination | conj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 sewerage | punct |
| 13 | sewerage | sewerage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 desalination | conj |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 treatment | cc |
| 15 | wastewater | wastewater | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 treatment | compound |
| 16 | treatment | treatment | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 desalination | conj |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 undertaken | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | undertake | present · perfect · passive | Substantial investments | seawater desalination and water distribution and sewerage and wastewater treatment | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Saudi Arabia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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