Seychelles, sentence 6
From Wikipedia, «Seychelles», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Although Arab and Swahili sailors likely knew of the islands earlier through Indian Ocean trade routes, there is no evidence of permanent settlement before European involvement.
Who acts: evidence · What happens: know, be, evidence · To what, where: Indian Ocean trade routes, permanent settlement
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Seychelles». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (evidence), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Although | although | SCONJ | _ | 5 sailors | case |
| 2 | Arab | Arab | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 sailors | amod |
| 3 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 Swahili | cc |
| 4 | Swahili | swahili | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 Arab | conj |
| 5 | sailors | sailor | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 knew | obl |
| 6 | likely | likely | ADV | _ | 7 knew | advmod |
| 7 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 islands | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 islands | det |
| 10 | islands | island | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 knew | obl |
| 11 | earlier | early | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 7 knew | advmod |
| 12 | through | through | ADP | _ | 16 routes | case |
| 13 | Indian | Indian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 routes | amod |
| 14 | Ocean | Ocean | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 routes | compound |
| 15 | trade | trade | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 routes | compound |
| 16 | routes | route | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 knew | obl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 is | punct |
| 18 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 19 is | expl |
| 19 | is | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 knew | conj |
| 20 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 21 evidence | det |
| 21 | evidence | evidence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 is | nsubj |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 settlement | case |
| 23 | permanent | permanent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 settlement | amod |
| 24 | settlement | settlement | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 evidence | nmod |
| 25 | before | before | ADP | _ | 27 involvement | case |
| 26 | European | European | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 involvement | amod |
| 27 | involvement | involvement | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 evidence | nmod |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 knew | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | know | past | Indian Ocean trade routes | although Arab sailors; of the islands; early, likely property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer of island=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | be | present | no evidence of permanent settlement before European involvement | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | evidence | permanent settlement | before European involvement | nom evidence «cognition transitive»: of=patient before=obl |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Seychelles», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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