Singapore, sentence 227
From Wikipedia, «Singapore», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
According to Gordon P. Means, professor emeritus of political science at McMaster University, Singapore reinvented the "benevolent" yet "highly authoritarian" colonial system of governance inherited from Britain rather than forging a full democracy.
Who acts: Singapore · What happens: accord, reinvent, inherit, forge · To what, where: colonial system, Britain, full democracy
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Singapore». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Singapore), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | According | accord | VERB | ExtPos=ADP Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 5 Means | case |
| 2 | to | to | ADP | _ | 1 According | fixed |
| 3 | Gordon | Gordon | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 Means | compound |
| 4 | P. | P. | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 Gordon | flat |
| 5 | Means | Mean | PROPN | Number=Plur | 17 reinvented | obl |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 emeritus | punct |
| 7 | professor | professor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 emeritus | compound |
| 8 | emeritus | emeritus | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 Means | conj |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 science | case |
| 10 | political | political | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 science | amod |
| 11 | science | science | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 emeritus | nmod |
| 12 | at | at | ADP | _ | 14 University | case |
| 13 | McMaster | McMaster | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 University | compound |
| 14 | University | University | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 emeritus | nmod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 Means | punct |
| 16 | Singapore | Singapore | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 reinvented | nsubj |
| 17 | reinvented | reinvent | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 benevolent | det |
| 19 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 20 benevolent | punct |
| 20 | benevolent | benevolent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 reinvented | xcomp |
| 21 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 20 benevolent | punct |
| 22 | yet | yet | ADV | _ | 25 authoritarian | advmod |
| 23 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 22 yet | punct |
| 24 | highly | highly | ADV | _ | 25 authoritarian | advmod |
| 25 | authoritarian | authoritarian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 reinvented | advcl |
| 26 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 28 system | punct |
| 27 | colonial | colonial | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 system | amod |
| 28 | system | system | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 authoritarian | conj |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 30 governance | case |
| 30 | governance | governance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 system | nmod |
| 31 | inherited | inherit | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 28 system | acl |
| 32 | from | from | ADP | _ | 33 Britain | case |
| 33 | Britain | Britain | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 inherited | obl |
| 34 | rather | rather | ADV | ExtPos=CCONJ | 36 forging | cc |
| 35 | than | than | ADP | _ | 34 rather | fixed |
| 36 | forging | forge | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 31 inherited | conj |
| 37 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 39 democracy | det |
| 38 | full | full | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 democracy | amod |
| 39 | democracy | democracy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 forging | obj |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 17 reinvented | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | accord | gerund | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 2 | reinvent | past | Singapore | accord Gordon Means and professor emeritus of political science at McMaster University; benevolent property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | inherit | participle | colonial system of governance not said here | Britain | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent from britain=Source | ||||
| 4 | forge | gerund | a full democracy | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent democracy=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Singapore», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Singapore/227/