Skopje, sentence 115
From Wikipedia, «Skopje», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
The project has been criticised because of its cost and its historicist aesthetics.
Who acts: project · What happens: criticise, cost · To what, where: project
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Skopje». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (project), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 project | det |
| 2 | project | project | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 criticised | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 criticised | aux |
| 4 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 5 criticised | aux:pass |
| 5 | criticised | criticise | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | because | because | ADP | ExtPos=ADP | 9 cost | case |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 because | fixed |
| 8 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 cost | nmod:poss |
| 9 | cost | cost | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 criticised | obl |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 aesthetics | cc |
| 11 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 aesthetics | nmod:poss |
| 12 | historicist | historicist | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 aesthetics | compound |
| 13 | aesthetics | aesthetic | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 cost | conj |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 criticised | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | criticise | present · perfect · passive | the project | because project's cost and project's historicist aesthetics | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | cost | project | nom cost «possession transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Skopje», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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