Skopje, sentence 170

From Wikipedia, «Skopje», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

Because of the ethnic diversity of the population, Latin maintained itself as the main language in the city at the expense of Greek, which was spoken in most of the Moesian and Macedonian cities.

Who acts: Latin · What happens: maintain, speak · To what, where: population, Greek, most · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Skopje». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Latin), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Because	because	ADP	ExtPos=ADP	5 diversity	case
2	of	of	ADP	_	1 Because	fixed
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 diversity	det
4	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 diversity	amod
5	diversity	diversity	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 maintained	obl
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 population	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 population	det
8	population	population	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 diversity	nmod
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 diversity	punct
10	Latin	Latin	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 maintained	nsubj
11	maintained	maintain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
12	itself	itself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	11 maintained	obj
13	as	as	ADP	_	16 language	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 language	det
15	main	main	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 language	amod
16	language	language	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 maintained	obl
17	in	in	ADP	_	19 city	case
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 city	det
19	city	city	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 language	nmod
20	at	at	ADP	_	22 expense	case
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 expense	det
22	expense	expense	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 city	nmod
23	of	of	ADP	_	24 Greek	case
24	Greek	Greek	PROPN	Number=Sing	22 expense	nmod
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	28 spoken	punct
26	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	28 spoken	nsubj:pass
27	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	28 spoken	aux:pass
28	spoken	speak	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	24 Greek	acl
29	in	in	ADP	_	30 most	case
30	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	28 spoken	obl
31	of	of	ADP	_	36 cities	case
32	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	36 cities	det
33	Moesian	Moesian	PROPN	Number=Sing	36 cities	compound
34	and	and	CCONJ	_	35 Macedonian	cc
35	Macedonian	Macedonian	PROPN	Number=Sing	33 Moesian	conj
36	cities	city	NOUN	Number=Plur	30 most	nmod
37	.	.	PUNCT	_	11 maintained	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	maintain	past	Latin	population				because the ethnic diversity of the population; as the main language in the city at the expense of Greek	vn declare-29.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent itself=Theme as language=Attribute
2	speak speech: other	past · passive		Greek		most of the Moesian cities			tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: the English Wikipedia, «Skopje», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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🌲 Skopje, sentence 170

The tree

Pragmatics

Skopje, sentence 170