Sofia, sentence 72
From Wikipedia, «Sofia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
The geographic position of the Sofia Valley limits the flow of air masses, increasing the chances of air pollution by particulate matter and nitrogen oxide.
Who acts: geographic position, air masses, air pollution · What happens: limit, increase, flow, chance · To what, where: flow, chances
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Sofia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (geographic position, air masses, air pollution), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 position | det |
| 2 | geographic | geographic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 position | amod |
| 3 | position | position | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 limits | nsubj |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 Valley | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 Valley | det |
| 6 | Sofia | Sofia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 Valley | compound |
| 7 | Valley | Valley | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 position | nmod |
| 8 | limits | limit | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 flow | det |
| 10 | flow | flow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 limits | obj |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 masses | case |
| 12 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 masses | compound |
| 13 | masses | mass | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 flow | nmod |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 increasing | punct |
| 15 | increasing | increase | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 8 limits | advcl |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 chances | det |
| 17 | chances | chance | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 increasing | obj |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 pollution | case |
| 19 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 pollution | compound |
| 20 | pollution | pollution | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 chances | nmod |
| 21 | by | by | ADP | _ | 23 matter | case |
| 22 | particulate | particulate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 matter | compound |
| 23 | matter | matter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 increasing | obl |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 oxide | cc |
| 25 | nitrogen | nitrogen | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 oxide | compound |
| 26 | oxide | oxide | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 matter | conj |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 limits | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | limit | present | the geographic position of the Sofia Valley | the flow of air masses | vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer flow=Patient | ||||
| 2 | increase | gerund | the geographic position of the Sofia Valley not said here | the chances of air pollution | by particulate matter and nitrogen oxide | vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Causer chance=Patient | |||
| 3 | flow | air masses | nom flow «event intransitive»: of=agent | ||||||
| 4 | chance | air pollution | nom chance «state intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Sofia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Sofia/72/