Somalia, sentence 423
From Wikipedia, «Somalia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
These remittance firms (hawalas) have become a large industry in Somalia, with an estimated US$1.6 billion annually remitted to the region by Somalis in the diaspora via money transfer companies.
Who acts: remittance firms, Somalis · What happens: become, estimate, remit · To what, where: large industry, an, region
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Somalia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (remittance firms, Somalis), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | These | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 3 firms | det |
| 2 | remittance | remittance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 firms | compound |
| 3 | firms | firm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 become | nsubj |
| 4 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 5 hawalas | punct |
| 5 | hawalas | hawala | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 firms | appos |
| 6 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 5 hawalas | punct |
| 7 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 become | aux |
| 8 | become | become | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 industry | det |
| 10 | large | large | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 industry | amod |
| 11 | industry | industry | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 become | xcomp |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 13 Somalia | case |
| 13 | Somalia | Somalia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 industry | nmod |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 remitted | punct |
| 15 | with | with | SCONJ | _ | 23 remitted | mark |
| 16 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 remitted | nsubj:pass |
| 17 | estimated | estimate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 23 remitted | advcl |
| 18 | US | US | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 $ | compound |
| 19 | $ | $ | SYM | _ | 17 estimated | obl |
| 20 | 1.6 | 1.6 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 21 billion | compound |
| 21 | billion | billion | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 19 $ | nummod |
| 22 | annually | annually | ADV | _ | 23 remitted | advmod |
| 23 | remitted | remit | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 become | conj |
| 24 | to | to | ADP | _ | 26 region | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 region | det |
| 26 | region | region | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 remitted | obl |
| 27 | by | by | ADP | _ | 28 Somalis | case |
| 28 | Somalis | somali | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 remitted | obl |
| 29 | in | in | ADP | _ | 31 diaspora | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 diaspora | det |
| 31 | diaspora | diaspora | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 Somalis | nmod |
| 32 | via | via | ADP | _ | 35 companies | case |
| 33 | money | money | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 transfer | compound |
| 34 | transfer | transfer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 companies | compound |
| 35 | companies | company | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 remitted | obl |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 become | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | become | present · perfect | this remittance firms | a large industry in Somalia | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 2 | estimate | participle | Somalis in the diaspora not said here | vn estimate-34.2-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | remit | participle · passive | Somalis in the diaspora | an | the region | via transfer companies; annually property | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent subject=Theme to region=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Somalia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Somalia/423/