Somalia, sentence 88
From Wikipedia, «Somalia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Hindu merchants from Surat and Southeast African merchants from Pate, seeking to bypass both the Portuguese India blockade (and later the Omani interference), used the Somali ports of Merca and Barawa (which were out of the two powers' direct jurisdiction) to conduct their trade in safety and without interference.
Who acts: Hindu merchants, Barawa, merchants · What happens: seek, bypass, use, be, conduct, trade · To what, where: Portuguese India blockade, Somali ports, direct jurisdiction, trade, safety
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Somalia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hindu merchants, Barawa, merchants), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hindu | hindu | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 merchants | amod |
| 2 | merchants | merchant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 used | nsubj |
| 3 | from | from | ADP | _ | 8 merchants | case |
| 4 | Surat | Surat | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 merchants | compound |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 Southeast | cc |
| 6 | Southeast | Southeast | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 Surat | conj |
| 7 | African | African | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 merchants | amod |
| 8 | merchants | merchant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 merchants | nmod |
| 9 | from | from | ADP | _ | 10 Pate | case |
| 10 | Pate | Pate | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 merchants | nmod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 seeking | punct |
| 12 | seeking | seek | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 2 merchants | conj |
| 13 | to | to | PART | _ | 14 bypass | mark |
| 14 | bypass | bypass | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 seeking | xcomp |
| 15 | both | both | CCONJ | _ | 19 blockade | cc:preconj |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 blockade | det |
| 17 | Portuguese | portuguese | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 blockade | amod |
| 18 | India | India | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 blockade | compound |
| 19 | blockade | blockade | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 bypass | obj |
| 20 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 25 interference | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 interference | cc |
| 22 | later | late | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 25 interference | advmod |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 interference | det |
| 24 | Omani | Omani | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 interference | compound |
| 25 | interference | interference | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 blockade | appos |
| 26 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 25 interference | punct |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 merchants | punct |
| 28 | used | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 ports | det |
| 30 | Somali | Somali | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 ports | compound |
| 31 | ports | port | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 used | obj |
| 32 | of | of | ADP | _ | 33 Merca | case |
| 33 | Merca | Merca | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 ports | nmod |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 Barawa | cc |
| 35 | Barawa | Barawa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 33 Merca | conj |
| 36 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 46 jurisdiction | punct |
| 37 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 46 jurisdiction | nsubj |
| 38 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 46 jurisdiction | cop |
| 39 | out | out | ADP | _ | 46 jurisdiction | case |
| 40 | of | of | ADP | _ | 46 jurisdiction | case |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 powers | det |
| 42 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 43 powers | nummod |
| 43 | powers | power | NOUN | Number=Plur | 46 jurisdiction | nmod:poss |
| 44 | ' | 's | PART | _ | 43 powers | case |
| 45 | direct | direct | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 46 jurisdiction | amod |
| 46 | jurisdiction | jurisdiction | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 Barawa | appos |
| 47 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 46 jurisdiction | punct |
| 48 | to | to | PART | _ | 49 conduct | mark |
| 49 | conduct | conduct | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 28 used | advcl |
| 50 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 51 trade | nmod:poss |
| 51 | trade | trade | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 conduct | obj |
| 52 | in | in | ADP | _ | 53 safety | case |
| 53 | safety | safety | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 conduct | obl |
| 54 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 56 interference | cc |
| 55 | without | without | ADP | _ | 56 interference | case |
| 56 | interference | interference | NOUN | Number=Sing | 53 safety | conj |
| 57 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 28 used | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | seek | gerund | Hindu merchants from Surat African merchants from Pate not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | bypass not said to happen | to-infinitive | Hindu merchants from Surat African merchants from Pate not said here | the Portuguese India blockade | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | use | past | Hindu merchants from Surat African merchants from Pate | the Somali ports of Merca and Barawa | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent port=Patient | ||||
| 4 | is | past | Barawa | the two powers's direct jurisdiction | the two powers nmod:poss | tree rules | |||
| 5 | conduct | to-infinitive | Hindu merchants from Surat African merchants from Pate not said here | merchants's trade | safety and interference | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent trade=Theme in safety=Destination | |||
| 6 | trade | merchants = merchant | nom trade «act transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Somalia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Somalia/88/