South Africa, sentence 135
From Wikipedia, «South Africa», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
The security forces cracked down on internal dissent, and violence became widespread, with anti-apartheid organisations such as the African National Congress (ANC), the Azanian People's Organisation, and the Pan-Africanist Congress carrying out guerrilla warfare, urban sabotage and, according to Oxford Academic, acts of terrorism.
Who acts: security forces, violence, Pan Africanist Congress, terrorism · What happens: crack down, become, carry out, accord, act · To what, where: internal dissent, guerrilla warfare
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «South Africa». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (security forces, violence, Pan Africanist Congress, terrorism), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 forces | det |
| 2 | security | security | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 forces | compound |
| 3 | forces | force | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 cracked | nsubj |
| 4 | cracked | crack | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | down | down | ADP | _ | 4 cracked | compound:prt |
| 6 | on | on | ADP | _ | 8 dissent | case |
| 7 | internal | internal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 dissent | amod |
| 8 | dissent | dissent | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 cracked | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 became | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 became | cc |
| 11 | violence | violence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 became | nsubj |
| 12 | became | become | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 cracked | conj |
| 13 | widespread | widespread | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 became | xcomp |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 organisations | punct |
| 15 | with | with | ADP | _ | 17 organisations | case |
| 16 | anti-apartheid | anti-apartheid | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 organisations | compound |
| 17 | organisations | organisation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 became | obl |
| 18 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP | 23 Congress | case |
| 19 | as | as | ADP | _ | 18 such | fixed |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 Congress | det |
| 21 | African | African | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 Congress | compound |
| 22 | National | National | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 Congress | amod |
| 23 | Congress | Congress | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 organisations | nmod |
| 24 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 25 ANC | punct |
| 25 | ANC | ANC | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 Congress | appos |
| 26 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 25 ANC | punct |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 Organisation | punct |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 People | det |
| 29 | Azanian | Azanian | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 People | compound |
| 30 | People | People | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 Organisation | nmod:poss |
| 31 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 30 People | case |
| 32 | Organisation | Organisation | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 Congress | conj |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 carrying | punct |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 40 carrying | cc |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 Congress | det |
| 36 | Pan | Pan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 39 Congress | compound |
| 37 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 36 Pan | punct |
| 38 | Africanist | Africanist | PROPN | Number=Sing | 39 Congress | compound |
| 39 | Congress | Congress | PROPN | Number=Sing | 40 carrying | nsubj |
| 40 | carrying | carry | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 cracked | advcl |
| 41 | out | out | ADP | _ | 40 carrying | compound:prt |
| 42 | guerrilla | guerrilla | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 warfare | compound |
| 43 | warfare | warfare | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 carrying | obj |
| 44 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 sabotage | punct |
| 45 | urban | urban | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 46 sabotage | amod |
| 46 | sabotage | sabotage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 warfare | conj |
| 47 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 52 Academic | cc |
| 48 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 52 Academic | punct |
| 49 | according | accord | VERB | ExtPos=ADP Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 52 Academic | case |
| 50 | to | to | ADP | _ | 49 according | fixed |
| 51 | Oxford | Oxford | PROPN | Number=Sing | 52 Academic | compound |
| 52 | Academic | Academic | PROPN | Number=Sing | 40 carrying | conj |
| 53 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 54 acts | punct |
| 54 | acts | act | NOUN | Number=Plur | 52 Academic | appos |
| 55 | of | of | ADP | _ | 56 terrorism | case |
| 56 | terrorism | terrorism | NOUN | Number=Sing | 54 acts | nmod |
| 57 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 cracked | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | crack down | past | the security forces | internal dissent | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on dissent=Location | ||||
| 2 | become | past | violence | with anti-apartheid organisations such the African National Congress and the Azanian People's Organisation; widespread property | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 3 | carry out | gerund | the Pan Africanist Congress | guerrilla warfare and urban sabotage | Oxford Academic conj | vn act-114 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent warfare=Eventuality | |||
| 4 | accord | gerund | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 5 | act | terrorism | nom act «communication intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «South Africa», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/South_Africa/135/