South Africa, sentence 18
From Wikipedia, «South Africa», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Universal elections took place in 1994, following which all racial groups have held political representation in the country's liberal democracy, which comprises a parliamentary republic and nine provinces.
Who acts: Universal elections, liberal democracy · What happens: take, follow, hold, comprise · To what, where: place, 1994, political representation, liberal democracy, parliamentary republic
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «South Africa». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Universal elections, liberal democracy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Universal | universal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 elections | amod |
| 2 | elections | election | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 took | nsubj |
| 3 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 took | obj |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 1994 | case |
| 6 | 1994 | 1994 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 3 took | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 following | punct |
| 8 | following | follow | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 12 groups | case |
| 9 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 12 groups | nsubj |
| 10 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 12 groups | det |
| 11 | racial | racial | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 groups | amod |
| 12 | groups | group | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 held | obl |
| 13 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 held | aux |
| 14 | held | hold | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 3 took | conj |
| 15 | political | political | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 representation | amod |
| 16 | representation | representation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 held | obj |
| 17 | in | in | ADP | _ | 22 democracy | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 country | det |
| 19 | country | country | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 democracy | nmod:poss |
| 20 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 19 country | case |
| 21 | liberal | liberal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 democracy | amod |
| 22 | democracy | democracy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 held | obl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 comprises | punct |
| 24 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 25 comprises | nsubj |
| 25 | comprises | comprise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 democracy | acl:relcl |
| 26 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 28 republic | det |
| 27 | parliamentary | parliamentary | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 republic | amod |
| 28 | republic | republic | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 comprises | obj |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 provinces | cc |
| 30 | nine | nine | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 31 provinces | nummod |
| 31 | provinces | province | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 republic | conj |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 took | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | take | past | Universal elections | place | 1994 | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent place=Value in 1994=Location | |||
| 2 | follow | gerund | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 3 | hold | present · perfect | Universal elections not said here | political representation | the country's liberal democracy | follow all racial groups | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent representation=Theme in democracy=Location | ||
| 4 | comprise | present | the country's liberal democracy | a parliamentary republic and nine provinces | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme republic=Pivot |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «South Africa», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/South_Africa/18/