South Africa, sentence 224

From Wikipedia, «South Africa», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

The fynbos biome, which makes up the majority of the area and plant life in the Cape Floristic Region, is located in a small region of the Western Cape and contains more than 9,000 of those species, or three times more plant species than found in the Amazon rainforest, making it among the richest regions on Earth in terms of plant diversity.

Who acts: fynbos biome, more plant species · What happens: make up, locate, contain, find, make, term · To what, where: majority, fynbos biome, small region, 9,000, more plant species, Amazon rainforest

This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «South Africa». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fynbos biome, more plant species), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 biome	det
2	fynbos	fynbo	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 biome	compound
3	biome	biome	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 located	nsubj:pass
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 makes	punct
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 makes	nsubj
6	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 biome	acl:relcl
7	up	up	ADP	_	6 makes	compound:prt
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 majority	det
9	majority	majority	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 makes	obj
10	of	of	ADP	_	12 area	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 area	det
12	area	area	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 majority	nmod
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 life	cc
14	plant	plant	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 life	compound
15	life	life	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 area	conj
16	in	in	ADP	_	20 Region	case
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 Region	det
18	Cape	Cape	PROPN	Number=Sing	19 Floristic	flat
19	Floristic	Floristic	PROPN	Number=Sing	20 Region	compound
20	Region	Region	PROPN	Number=Sing	15 life	nmod
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 biome	punct
22	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	23 located	aux:pass
23	located	locate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
24	in	in	ADP	_	27 region	case
25	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	27 region	det
26	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	27 region	amod
27	region	region	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 located	obl
28	of	of	ADP	_	31 Cape	case
29	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	31 Cape	det
30	Western	western	ADJ	Degree=Pos	31 Cape	amod
31	Cape	Cape	PROPN	Number=Sing	27 region	nmod
32	and	and	CCONJ	_	33 contains	cc
33	contains	contain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	23 located	conj
34	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp ExtPos=ADV	36 9,000	advmod
35	than	than	ADP	_	34 more	fixed
36	9,000	9,000	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	33 contains	obj
37	of	of	ADP	_	39 species	case
38	those	that	DET	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	39 species	det
39	species	species	NOUN	Number=Plur	36 9,000	nmod
40	,	,	PUNCT	_	46 species	punct
41	or	or	CCONJ	_	46 species	cc
42	three	three	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	43 times	nummod
43	times	time	NOUN	Number=Plur	44 more	obl:unmarked
44	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	46 species	amod
45	plant	plant	NOUN	Number=Sing	46 species	compound
46	species	species	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 located	conj
47	than	than	SCONJ	_	48 found	mark
48	found	find	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	46 species	acl
49	in	in	ADP	_	52 rainforest	case
50	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	52 rainforest	det
51	Amazon	Amazon	PROPN	Number=Sing	52 rainforest	compound
52	rainforest	rainforest	NOUN	Number=Sing	48 found	obl
53	,	,	PUNCT	_	54 making	punct
54	making	make	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	46 species	acl
55	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	54 making	obj
56	among	among	ADP	_	59 regions	case
57	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	59 regions	det
58	richest	rich	ADJ	Degree=Sup	59 regions	amod
59	regions	region	NOUN	Number=Plur	54 making	obl
60	on	on	ADP	_	61 Earth	case
61	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	59 regions	nmod
62	in	in	ADP	_	63 terms	case
63	terms	term	NOUN	Number=Plur	54 making	obl
64	of	of	ADP	_	66 diversity	case
65	plant	plant	NOUN	Number=Sing	66 diversity	compound
66	diversity	diversity	NOUN	Number=Sing	63 terms	nmod
67	.	.	PUNCT	_	23 located	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	make up	present	the fynbos biome	the majority of the area and plant life in the Floristic Region			vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme majority=Pivot
2	locate	present · passive		the fynbos biome	a small region of the Western Cape	more plant species conj	tree rules
3	contain	present		9,000 of that species			vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot 9,000=Theme
4	find	participle		more plant species not said here	the Amazon rainforest		vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent
5	make	gerund	more plant species not said here	majority	terms of plant diversity	among the richest regions on Earth	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product
6	term			plant diversity			nom term «communication transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: the English Wikipedia, «South Africa», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/South_Africa/224/

🌲 South Africa, sentence 224

The tree

Pragmatics

South Africa, sentence 224