South Africa, sentence 270
From Wikipedia, «South Africa», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
The metropolitan municipalities, which govern the largest urban agglomerations, perform the functions of both district and local municipalities.
Who acts: metropolitan municipalities · What happens: govern, perform · To what, where: largest urban agglomerations, functions
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «South Africa». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (metropolitan municipalities), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 municipalities | det |
| 2 | metropolitan | metropolitan | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 municipalities | compound |
| 3 | municipalities | municipality | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 govern | nsubj |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 govern | punct |
| 5 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 6 govern | nsubj |
| 6 | govern | govern | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 agglomerations | det |
| 8 | largest | large | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 10 agglomerations | amod |
| 9 | urban | urban | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 agglomerations | amod |
| 10 | agglomerations | agglomeration | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 govern | obj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 perform | punct |
| 12 | perform | perform | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 govern | conj |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 functions | det |
| 14 | functions | function | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 perform | obj |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 district | case |
| 16 | both | both | DET | PronType=Tot | 17 district | det |
| 17 | district | district | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 functions | nmod |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 municipalities | cc |
| 19 | local | local | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 municipalities | amod |
| 20 | municipalities | municipality | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 district | conj |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 govern | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | govern | present | the metropolitan municipalities | the largest urban agglomerations | which nsubj | vn supervision-95.2.2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent agglomeration=Theme | |||
| 2 | perform | infinitive | the metropolitan municipalities not said here | the functions of both district and local municipalities | vn performance-26.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent function=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «South Africa», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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