South Africa, sentence 431
From Wikipedia, «South Africa», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
These people, who are a physically distinct population from the Bantu people who make up most of the Black Africans in South Africa, have their own cultural identity based on their hunter-gatherer societies.
Who acts: people, Bantu people · What happens: be, make up, have, base · To what, where: distinct population, most, South Africa, own cultural identity, gatherer societies
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «South Africa». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, Bantu people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | These | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 2 people | det |
| 2 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 have | nsubj |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 population | punct |
| 4 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 9 population | nsubj |
| 5 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 population | cop |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 population | det |
| 7 | physically | physically | ADV | _ | 8 distinct | advmod |
| 8 | distinct | distinct | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 population | amod |
| 9 | population | population | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 people | appos |
| 10 | from | from | ADP | _ | 13 people | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 people | det |
| 12 | Bantu | Bantu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 people | compound |
| 13 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 population | nmod |
| 14 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 15 make | nsubj |
| 15 | make | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 people | acl:relcl |
| 16 | up | up | ADP | _ | 15 make | compound:prt |
| 17 | most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 15 make | obj |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 Africans | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 Africans | det |
| 20 | Black | Black | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 Africans | amod |
| 21 | Africans | African | PROPN | Number=Plur | 17 most | nmod |
| 22 | in | in | ADP | _ | 24 Africa | case |
| 23 | South | South | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 Africa | compound |
| 24 | Africa | Africa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 make | obl |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 people | punct |
| 26 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 27 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 30 identity | nmod:poss |
| 28 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 identity | amod |
| 29 | cultural | cultural | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 identity | amod |
| 30 | identity | identity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 have | obj |
| 31 | based | base | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 30 identity | acl |
| 32 | on | on | ADP | _ | 37 societies | case |
| 33 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 37 societies | nmod:poss |
| 34 | hunter | hunter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 gatherer | compound |
| 35 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 34 hunter | punct |
| 36 | gatherer | gatherer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 societies | compound |
| 37 | societies | society | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 based | obl |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 26 have | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | this people | a distinct population | from the Bantu people | tree rules | |||
| 2 | make up | present | the Bantu people | most of the Black Africans | South Africa | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme most=Pivot | |||
| 3 | have | present | this people | people's own cultural identity | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent identity=Patient | ||||
| 4 | base | participle | people's own cultural identity not said here | people's gatherer societies | vn base-97.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent on society=Source |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «South Africa», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/South_Africa/431/