South Africa, sentence 479
From Wikipedia, «South Africa», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
The South African black majority still has a substantial number of rural inhabitants who lead largely impoverished lives.
Who acts: African black majority, rural inhabitants · What happens: have, lead, impoverish · To what, where: substantial number, impoverished lives
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «South Africa». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (African black majority, rural inhabitants), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 majority | det |
| 2 | South | South | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 African | compound |
| 3 | African | African | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 majority | amod |
| 4 | black | black | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 majority | amod |
| 5 | majority | majority | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 has | nsubj |
| 6 | still | still | ADV | _ | 7 has | advmod |
| 7 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 number | det |
| 9 | substantial | substantial | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 number | amod |
| 10 | number | number | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 has | obj |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 inhabitants | case |
| 12 | rural | rural | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 inhabitants | amod |
| 13 | inhabitants | inhabitant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 number | nmod |
| 14 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 15 lead | nsubj |
| 15 | lead | lead | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 inhabitants | acl:relcl |
| 16 | largely | largely | ADV | _ | 17 impoverished | advmod |
| 17 | impoverished | impoverish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 lives | amod |
| 18 | lives | life | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 lead | obj |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 has | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | the African black majority | a substantial number of rural inhabitants | still | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent number=Patient | |||
| 2 | lead | present | rural inhabitants | impoverished lives | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent life=Theme | ||||
| 3 | impoverish | participle | largely property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «South Africa», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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