South Africa, sentence 80
From Wikipedia, «South Africa», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Free Burghers who became independent farmers on the frontier were known as Boers, with some (the trekboers) adopting semi-nomadic lifestyles.
Who acts: Free Burghers, trekboers · What happens: become, know, adopt · To what, where: independent farmers, frontier, Free Burghers, semi-nomadic lifestyles
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «South Africa». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Free Burghers, trekboers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Free | free | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 Burghers | amod |
| 2 | Burghers | burgher | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 known | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 4 became | nsubj |
| 4 | became | become | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 Burghers | acl:relcl |
| 5 | independent | independent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 farmers | amod |
| 6 | farmers | farmer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 became | xcomp |
| 7 | on | on | ADP | _ | 9 frontier | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 frontier | det |
| 9 | frontier | frontier | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 became | obl |
| 10 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 known | aux:pass |
| 11 | known | know | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 12 | as | as | ADP | _ | 13 Boers | case |
| 13 | Boers | boer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 known | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 trekboers | punct |
| 15 | with | with | ADP | _ | 19 trekboers | case |
| 16 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 19 trekboers | det |
| 17 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 19 trekboers | punct |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 trekboers | det |
| 19 | trekboers | trekboer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 known | parataxis |
| 20 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 19 trekboers | punct |
| 21 | adopting | adopt | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 19 trekboers | acl |
| 22 | semi-nomadic | semi-nomadic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 lifestyles | amod |
| 23 | lifestyles | lifestyle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 adopting | obj |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 known | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | become | past | Free Burghers | independent farmers | the frontier | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | |||
| 2 | know | past · passive | Free Burghers | as Boers; some trekboers parataxis | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus as boer=Attribute | ||||
| 3 | adopt | gerund | some trekboers not said here | semi-nomadic lifestyles | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lifestyle=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «South Africa», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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