South Africa, sentence 96
From Wikipedia, «South Africa», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
They migrated to the future Natal, Free State, and Transvaal regions, and following their victory over the Zulu Kingdom at the Battle of Blood River on 16 December 1838, founded the Boer republics: the Natalia Republic, the South African Republic and the Orange Free State.
Who acts: pathfinders · What happens: migrate, follow, found · To what, where: Natal Free State, 16, victory, Zulu Kingdom, Boer republics
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «South Africa». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (pathfinders), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 migrated | nsubj |
| 2 | migrated | migrate | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | to | to | ADP | _ | 5 future | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 future | det |
| 5 | future | future | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 migrated | obl |
| 6 | Natal | natal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 State | amod |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 State | punct |
| 8 | Free | free | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 State | amod |
| 9 | State | State | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 migrated | obl:unmarked |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 regions | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 regions | cc |
| 12 | Transvaal | transvaal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 regions | compound |
| 13 | regions | region | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 migrated | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 following | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 following | cc |
| 16 | following | follow | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 2 migrated | parataxis |
| 17 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 victory | nmod:poss |
| 18 | victory | victory | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 following | obj |
| 19 | over | over | ADP | _ | 22 Kingdom | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 Kingdom | det |
| 21 | Zulu | Zulu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 Kingdom | compound |
| 22 | Kingdom | Kingdom | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 following | obl |
| 23 | at | at | ADP | _ | 25 Battle | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 Battle | det |
| 25 | Battle | Battle | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 following | obl |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 River | case |
| 27 | Blood | Blood | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 River | compound |
| 28 | River | River | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 Battle | nmod |
| 29 | on | on | ADP | _ | 30 16 | case |
| 30 | 16 | 16 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 2 migrated | obl |
| 31 | December | December | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 16 | nmod:unmarked |
| 32 | 1838 | 1838 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 30 16 | nmod |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 founded | punct |
| 34 | founded | found | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 migrated | conj |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 republics | det |
| 36 | Boer | boer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 republics | compound |
| 37 | republics | republic | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 founded | obj |
| 38 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 41 Republic | punct |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 Republic | det |
| 40 | Natalia | Natalia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 41 Republic | compound |
| 41 | Republic | Republic | PROPN | Number=Sing | 37 republics | appos |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 Republic | punct |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 46 Republic | det |
| 44 | South | South | PROPN | Number=Sing | 46 Republic | compound |
| 45 | African | African | PROPN | Number=Sing | 46 Republic | compound |
| 46 | Republic | Republic | PROPN | Number=Sing | 41 Republic | appos |
| 47 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 51 State | cc |
| 48 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 51 State | det |
| 49 | Orange | Orange | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 51 State | amod |
| 50 | Free | free | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 51 State | amod |
| 51 | State | State | PROPN | Number=Sing | 41 Republic | conj |
| 52 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 migrated | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | migrate | past | pathfinders = pathfinder | Natal Free State | 16 December 1838 | to the future; Transvaal regions obl | tree rules | ||
| 2 | follow | gerund | pathfinders's victory | the Zulu Kingdom | at the Battle of Blood River | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent victory=Theme over kingdom=Trajectory | |||
| 3 | found | past | pathfinders = pathfinder not said here | the Boer republics | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent republic=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «South Africa», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/South_Africa/96/