South Sudan, sentence 14
From Wikipedia, «South Sudan», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
It has since been governed by a coalition formed by leaders of the former warring factions, Salva Kiir Mayardit (Sudan People's Liberation Movement or SPLM) and Riek Machar (Sudan People's Liberation Movement-in-Opposition or SPLM-IO).
Who acts: displacement · What happens: have, govern, be, form · To what, where: governed coalition
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «South Sudan». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (displacement), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 has | nsubj |
| 2 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | since | since | SCONJ | _ | 8 coalition | mark |
| 4 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 8 coalition | cop |
| 5 | governed | govern | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 coalition | amod |
| 6 | by | by | ADP | _ | 8 coalition | case |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 coalition | det |
| 8 | coalition | coalition | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 has | obj |
| 9 | formed | form | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 coalition | acl |
| 10 | by | by | ADP | _ | 11 leaders | case |
| 11 | leaders | leader | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 formed | obl |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 factions | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 factions | det |
| 14 | former | former | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 factions | amod |
| 15 | warring | warring | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 factions | amod |
| 16 | factions | faction | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 leaders | nmod |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 Kiir | punct |
| 18 | Salva | Salva | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 Kiir | compound |
| 19 | Kiir | Kiir | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 coalition | obl |
| 20 | Mayardit | Mayardit | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 Kiir | flat |
| 21 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 26 Movement | punct |
| 22 | Sudan | Sudan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 Movement | nmod:poss |
| 23 | People | People | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 Sudan | flat |
| 24 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 22 Sudan | case |
| 25 | Liberation | Liberation | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 Movement | compound |
| 26 | Movement | Movement | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 Kiir | appos |
| 27 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 28 SPLM | cc |
| 28 | SPLM | SPLM | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 Movement | conj |
| 29 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 26 Movement | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 Riek | cc |
| 31 | Riek | Riek | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 Kiir | conj |
| 32 | Machar | Machar | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 Riek | flat |
| 33 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 42 Opposition | punct |
| 34 | Sudan | Sudan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 35 People | compound |
| 35 | People | People | PROPN | Number=Sing | 42 Opposition | nsubj |
| 36 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 35 People | case |
| 37 | Liberation | Liberation | PROPN | Number=Sing | 38 Movement | compound |
| 38 | Movement | Movement | PROPN | Number=Sing | 42 Opposition | nsubj |
| 39 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 42 Opposition | punct |
| 40 | in | in | ADP | _ | 42 Opposition | case |
| 41 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 40 in | punct |
| 42 | Opposition | opposition | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 Kiir | appos |
| 43 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 44 SPLM | cc |
| 44 | SPLM | SPLM | PROPN | Number=Sing | 42 Opposition | conj |
| 45 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 46 IO | punct |
| 46 | IO | IO | PROPN | Number=Sing | 44 SPLM | conj |
| 47 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 42 Opposition | punct |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 has | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | displacement | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | govern | participle | vn supervision-95.2.2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 3 | is | participle | by a governed coalition; Salva Kiir and Riek obl | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | form | participle | a governed coalition not said here | by leaders of the former warring factions | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by leader=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «South Sudan», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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