Spain, sentence 214
From Wikipedia, «Spain», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
In January 2020, the COVID-19 virus was confirmed to have spread to Spain, causing life expectancy to drop by more than a year.
Who acts: life expectancy · What happens: confirm, spread, cause, drop · To what, where: COVID virus, Spain, life expectancy
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Spain». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (life expectancy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 2 January | case |
| 2 | January | January | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 confirmed | obl |
| 3 | 2020 | 2020 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 2 January | nmod:unmarked |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 January | punct |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 virus | det |
| 6 | COVID | COVID | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 virus | compound |
| 7 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 8 19 | punct |
| 8 | 19 | 19 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 6 COVID | flat |
| 9 | virus | virus | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 confirmed | nsubj:pass |
| 10 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 confirmed | aux:pass |
| 11 | confirmed | confirm | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 12 | to | to | PART | _ | 14 spread | mark |
| 13 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 14 spread | aux |
| 14 | spread | spread | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 11 confirmed | xcomp |
| 15 | to | to | ADP | _ | 16 Spain | case |
| 16 | Spain | Spain | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 spread | obl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 causing | punct |
| 18 | causing | cause | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 11 confirmed | advcl |
| 19 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 expectancy | compound |
| 20 | expectancy | expectancy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 causing | obj |
| 21 | to | to | PART | _ | 22 drop | mark |
| 22 | drop | drop | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 18 causing | xcomp |
| 23 | by | by | ADP | _ | 27 year | case |
| 24 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp ExtPos=ADV | 27 year | advmod |
| 25 | than | than | ADP | _ | 24 more | fixed |
| 26 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 27 year | det |
| 27 | year | year | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 drop | obl |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 confirmed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | confirm | past · passive | the COVID virus | january | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | spread | to-infinitive · perfect | Spain | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | cause | gerund | life expectancy | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | drop | to-infinitive | life expectancy not said here | year | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Spain», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Spain/214/