Spain, sentence 27
From Wikipedia, «Spain», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.
Archaeological and genetic evidence suggests that the Iberian Peninsula acted as one of several major refugia from which northern Europe was repopulated following the end of the last ice age.
Who acts: Archaeological, Iberian Peninsula · What happens: suggest, act, repopulate, follow · To what, where: northern Europe, several major refugia · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Spain». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Archaeological, Iberian Peninsula), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Archaeological | Archaeological | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 suggests | nsubj |
| 2 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 evidence | cc |
| 3 | genetic | genetic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 evidence | amod |
| 4 | evidence | evidence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Archaeological | conj |
| 5 | suggests | suggest | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 10 acted | mark |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 Peninsula | det |
| 8 | Iberian | Iberian | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 Peninsula | compound |
| 9 | Peninsula | Peninsula | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 acted | nsubj |
| 10 | acted | act | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 suggests | ccomp |
| 11 | as | as | ADP | _ | 12 one | case |
| 12 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 10 acted | obl |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 refugia | case |
| 14 | several | several | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 refugia | amod |
| 15 | major | major | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 refugia | amod |
| 16 | refugia | refugia | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 one | nmod |
| 17 | from | from | ADP | _ | 18 which | case |
| 18 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 22 repopulated | obl |
| 19 | northern | northern | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 Europe | amod |
| 20 | Europe | Europe | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 repopulated | nsubj |
| 21 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 repopulated | aux:pass |
| 22 | repopulated | repopulate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 refugia | acl:relcl |
| 23 | following | follow | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 25 end | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 end | det |
| 25 | end | end | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 repopulated | obl |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 30 age | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 age | det |
| 28 | last | last | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 age | amod |
| 29 | ice | ice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 age | compound |
| 30 | age | age | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 end | nmod |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 suggests | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | suggest speech: suggest | present | Archaeological and genetic evidence | vn say-37.7-1-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | act | past | the Iberian Peninsula | as one of several major refugia | vn masquerade-29.6-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent as one=Attribute | ||||
| 3 | repopulate | past · passive | northern Europe | several major refugia | follow the end of the last ice age | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP»: subject=Destination | |||
| 4 | follow | gerund | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: the English Wikipedia, «Spain», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Spain/27/