Spain, sentence 494

From Wikipedia, «Spain», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

The very high level of immigration is driven by Spain's cultural ties with Latin America, its geographical position, the porosity of its borders, the large size of its underground economy, and the strength of the agricultural and construction sectors, which demand more low-cost labour than can be offered by the national workforce.

Who acts: cultural ties, agricultural construction sectors, national workforce · What happens: drive, demand, offer · To what, where: high level, cost labour

This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Spain». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cultural ties, agricultural construction sectors, national workforce), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 level	det
2	very	very	ADV	_	3 high	advmod
3	high	high	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 level	amod
4	level	level	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 driven	nsubj:pass
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 immigration	case
6	immigration	immigration	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 level	nmod
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 driven	aux:pass
8	driven	drive	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
9	by	by	ADP	_	13 ties	case
10	Spain	Spain	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 ties	nmod:poss
11	's	's	PART	_	10 Spain	case
12	cultural	cultural	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 ties	amod
13	ties	tie	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 driven	obl
14	with	with	ADP	_	16 America	case
15	Latin	Latin	PROPN	Number=Sing	16 America	compound
16	America	America	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 ties	nmod
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 position	punct
18	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	20 position	nmod:poss
19	geographical	geographical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 position	amod
20	position	position	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 ties	conj
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 porosity	punct
22	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 porosity	det
23	porosity	porosity	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 position	appos
24	of	of	ADP	_	26 borders	case
25	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	26 borders	nmod:poss
26	borders	border	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 porosity	nmod
27	,	,	PUNCT	_	30 size	punct
28	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	30 size	det
29	large	large	ADJ	Degree=Pos	30 size	amod
30	size	size	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 ties	conj
31	of	of	ADP	_	34 economy	case
32	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	34 economy	nmod:poss
33	underground	underground	ADJ	Degree=Pos	34 economy	amod
34	economy	economy	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 size	nmod
35	,	,	PUNCT	_	38 strength	punct
36	and	and	CCONJ	_	38 strength	cc
37	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	38 strength	det
38	strength	strength	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 driven	conj
39	of	of	ADP	_	44 sectors	case
40	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	44 sectors	det
41	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ	Degree=Pos	44 sectors	amod
42	and	and	CCONJ	_	44 sectors	cc
43	construction	construction	NOUN	Number=Sing	44 sectors	compound
44	sectors	sector	NOUN	Number=Plur	38 strength	nmod
45	,	,	PUNCT	_	47 demand	punct
46	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	47 demand	nsubj
47	demand	demand	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	44 sectors	acl:relcl
48	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	49 low	advmod
49	low	low	ADJ	Degree=Pos	51 cost	amod
50	-	-	PUNCT	_	49 low	punct
51	cost	cost	NOUN	Number=Sing	52 labour	compound
52	labour	labour	NOUN	Number=Sing	47 demand	obj
53	than	than	SCONJ	_	56 offered	mark
54	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	56 offered	aux
55	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	56 offered	aux:pass
56	offered	offer	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	47 demand	advcl
57	by	by	ADP	_	60 workforce	case
58	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	60 workforce	det
59	national	national	ADJ	Degree=Pos	60 workforce	amod
60	workforce	workforce	NOUN	Number=Sing	56 offered	obl
61	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 driven	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	drive	present · passive	Spain's cultural ties with Latin America and level's geographical position and the large size of level's underground economy	the high level of immigration	the strength of the agricultural construction sectors conj	vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme subject=Trajectory
2	demand speech: request	present	the agricultural construction sectors	cost labour		vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme labour=Precondition
3	offer	can · passive	the national workforce			vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: the English Wikipedia, «Spain», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Spain/494/

🌲 Spain, sentence 494

The tree

Pragmatics

Spain, sentence 494