Sri Lanka, sentence 190

From Wikipedia, «Sri Lanka», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

Economic troubles in Sri Lanka began in 2019, when a severe economic crisis occurred caused by rapidly increasing foreign debt, massive government budget deficits due to tax cuts, falling foreign remittances, a food crisis caused by mandatory organic farming along with a ban on chemical fertilisers, and a multitude of other factors.

Who acts: Economic troubles · What happens: begin, cause, increase, fall · To what, where: 2019, severe economic crisis, foreign debt, foreign remittances, food crisis

This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Sri Lanka». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Economic troubles), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Economic	economic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 troubles	amod
2	troubles	trouble	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 began	nsubj
3	in	in	ADP	_	4 Sri	case
4	Sri	Sri	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 troubles	nmod
5	Lanka	Lanka	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 Sri	flat
6	began	begin	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	in	in	ADP	_	8 2019	case
8	2019	2019	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	6 began	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 caused	punct
10	when	when	SCONJ	_	16 caused	mark
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 crisis	det
12	severe	severe	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 crisis	amod
13	economic	economic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 crisis	amod
14	crisis	crisis	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 caused	nsubj
15	occurred	occur	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	16 caused	aux:pass
16	caused	cause	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 began	parataxis
17	by	by	SCONJ	_	19 increasing	mark
18	rapidly	rapidly	ADV	_	19 increasing	advmod
19	increasing	increase	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	16 caused	advcl
20	foreign	foreign	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 debt	amod
21	debt	debt	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 increasing	obj
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	26 deficits	punct
23	massive	massive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	26 deficits	amod
24	government	government	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 budget	compound
25	budget	budget	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 deficits	compound
26	deficits	deficit	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 debt	conj
27	due	due	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP	30 cuts	case
28	to	to	ADP	_	27 due	fixed
29	tax	tax	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 cuts	compound
30	cuts	cut	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 increasing	obl
31	,	,	PUNCT	_	32 falling	punct
32	falling	fall	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	19 increasing	conj
33	foreign	foreign	ADJ	Degree=Pos	34 remittances	amod
34	remittances	remittance	NOUN	Number=Plur	32 falling	obj
35	,	,	PUNCT	_	38 crisis	punct
36	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	38 crisis	det
37	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	38 crisis	compound
38	crisis	crisis	NOUN	Number=Sing	34 remittances	appos
39	caused	cause	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	38 crisis	acl
40	by	by	ADP	_	43 farming	case
41	mandatory	mandatory	ADJ	Degree=Pos	43 farming	amod
42	organic	organic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	43 farming	amod
43	farming	farming	NOUN	Number=Sing	39 caused	obl
44	along	along	ADP	_	47 ban	case
45	with	with	ADP	_	47 ban	case
46	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	47 ban	det
47	ban	ban	NOUN	Number=Sing	39 caused	obl
48	on	on	ADP	_	50 fertilisers	case
49	chemical	chemical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	50 fertilisers	amod
50	fertilisers	fertiliser	NOUN	Number=Plur	47 ban	nmod
51	,	,	PUNCT	_	54 multitude	punct
52	and	and	CCONJ	_	54 multitude	cc
53	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	54 multitude	det
54	multitude	multitude	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 began	parataxis
55	of	of	ADP	_	57 factors	case
56	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	57 factors	amod
57	factors	factor	NOUN	Number=Plur	54 multitude	nmod
58	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 began	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	begin	past	Economic troubles in Sri		2019	a multitude of other factors parataxis	vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
2	cause	past · passive		a severe economic crisis			vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
3	increase	gerund		foreign debt and massive budget deficits		due tax cuts; rapidly property	vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Causer debt=Patient
4	fall	gerund		foreign remittances			vn become-109.1-1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient remittance=Result
5	cause	participle		a food crisis not said here		by mandatory organic farming; along a ban on chemical fertilisers	vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: the English Wikipedia, «Sri Lanka», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. Tree: Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Sri_Lanka/190/

🌲 Sri Lanka, sentence 190

The tree

Pragmatics

Sri Lanka, sentence 190